Abstract
Abstract Little is known about seed development and its contribution to seed yield components in orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.). Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development and the effects of four trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) plant growth regulator and spring nitrogen (N) treatments on this process: untreated control, TE (210 g ai ha −1 ), spring N (112 kg ha −1 ), and TE + N. Regression analyses were used to elucidate seed development in three spikelet positions. In 2018, seed weight increased over growing degree days (GDD) in a bi‐phasic segmented pattern in seed from distal and central spikelets but increases were linear from proximal spikelets. In 2019, seed weight increased in proximal spikelets following a bi‐phasic segmented function, while seed weight increase in central spikelets was also bi‐phasic, except for the TE treatment. Seed growth rate varied among spikelet positions, ranging from 0.22 to 0.34 mg GDD −1 per 100 seeds. The seed growth rate varied among TE and N treatments, ranging from 0.31 to 0.47 mg GDD −1 per 100 seeds. The TE + N treatment had the shortest seed filling duration and one of the smallest seed growth rate values, producing low seed weight. The TE + N treatment produced high seed number and yield, indicating a reduction in seed abortion or shattering. Seed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content increased during seed development and peak deposition preceded physiological maturity. No effects of TE on deposition of C or N in orchardgrass seed occurred.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
In 2018, seed weight increased in a bi-phasic segmented pattern in distal and central spikelets.
- Taxon
- orchardgrass
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Dactylis glomeratae0 - Organ / stage
- distal and central spikeletse1
- Outcome
- seed weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- bi‐phasic segmented patterne1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e1“In 2018, seed weight increased over growing degree days (GDD) in a bi‐phasic segmented pattern in seed from distal and central spikelets but increases were linear from proximal spikelets”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2018, seed weight increased linearly in proximal spikelets.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Organ / stage
- proximal spikeletse1
- Outcome
- seed weighte1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Qualifier
- lineare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e1“In 2018, seed weight increased over growing degree days (GDD) in a bi‐phasic segmented pattern in seed from distal and central spikelets but increases were linear from proximal spikelets”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2019, seed weight increased in a bi-phasic segmented function in proximal spikelets.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Organ / stage
- proximal spikeletse2
- Outcome
- seed weighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- bi‐phasic segmented functione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e2“In 2019, seed weight increased in proximal spikelets following a bi‐phasic segmented function, while seed weight increase in central spikelets was also bi‐phasic, except for the TE treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2019, seed weight increase in central spikelets was bi-phasic, except for the TE treatment.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Organ / stage
- central spikeletse2
- Outcome
- seed weight increasee2
- Qualifier
- except for the TE treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e2“In 2019, seed weight increased in proximal spikelets following a bi‐phasic segmented function, while seed weight increase in central spikelets was also bi‐phasic, except for the TE treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed growth rate varied among spikelet positions, from 0.22 to 0.34 mg GDD −1 per 100 seeds.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Outcome
- Seed growth ratee3
- Value
- 0.22 to 0.34 mg GDD −1 per 100 seedse3
- Qualifier
- varied among spikelet positionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e3“Seed growth rate varied among spikelet positions, ranging from 0.22 to 0.34 mg GDD −1 per 100 seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed growth rate varied among TE and N treatments, from 0.31 to 0.47 mg GDD −1 per 100 seeds.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- TE and N treatmentse4
- Outcome
- seed growth ratee4
- Value
- 0.31 to 0.47 mg GDD −1 per 100 seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e4“The seed growth rate varied among TE and N treatments, ranging from 0.31 to 0.47 mg GDD −1 per 100 seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The TE + N treatment had the shortest seed filling duration.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- TE + N treatmente5
- Outcome
- seed filling duratione5
- Direction
- shorteste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e5“The TE + N treatment had the shortest seed filling duration and one of the smallest seed growth rate values, producing low seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The TE + N treatment gave one of the smallest seed growth rate values.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- TE + N treatmente5
- Outcome
- seed growth rate valuese5
- Direction
- smalleste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e5“The TE + N treatment had the shortest seed filling duration and one of the smallest seed growth rate values, producing low seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The TE + N treatment produced low seed weight.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- TE + N treatmente5
- Outcome
- seed weighte5
- Direction
- lowe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e5“The TE + N treatment had the shortest seed filling duration and one of the smallest seed growth rate values, producing low seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The TE + N treatment produced high seed number and yield.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- TE + N treatmente6
- Outcome
- seed number and yielde6
- Direction
- highe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e6“The TE + N treatment produced high seed number and yield, indicating a reduction in seed abortion or shattering”
Claim · model-written summary
The TE + N treatment likely reduced seed abortion or shattering.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- TE + N treatmente6
- Outcome
- seed abortion or shatteringe6
- Qualifier
- reduction in seed abortion or shatteringe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e6“The TE + N treatment produced high seed number and yield, indicating a reduction in seed abortion or shattering”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed carbon and nitrogen content increased during seed development.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Outcome
- Seed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contente7
- Direction
- increasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e7“Seed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content increased during seed development and peak deposition preceded physiological maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Peak deposition of seed carbon and nitrogen preceded physiological maturity.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Outcome
- peak depositione7
- Qualifier
- preceded physiological maturitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e7“Seed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content increased during seed development and peak deposition preceded physiological maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac-ethyl had no effect on the deposition of carbon or nitrogen in orchardgrass seed.
- Taxon
- orchardgrassDactylis glomeratae0
- Treatment
- TEe1
- Outcome
- deposition of C or Ne1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 to investigate orchardgrass seed development”
e1“No effects of TE on deposition of C or N in orchardgrass seed occurred”
The same questions in other papers
trinexapac-ethyl · yield · Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
nitrogen · yield · Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.