Abstract
Abstract Fluensulfone is the active ingredient of the non-fumigant nematicide Nimitz. It is much less harmful to the environment and has much improved worker safety compared to broad-spectrum fumigant nematicides. The product is registered for use in a variety of crops, including fruiting vegetables, and is applied to soil 7–14 days before seeding or planting. Although labeled for soil application, earlier research suggested that fluensulfone has systemic nematicidal activity when applied as a leaf spray application but also may cause some phytotoxic effects in some crops when applied as a leaf spray. In replicated greenhouse pot experiments, the nematicidal activity and phytotoxicity of fluensulfone applied as a soil drench was compared to a leaf spray application in tomato, eggplant, melon, and three pepper cultivars. A leaf spray application with fluensulfone significantly reduced Meloidogyne incognita infestation of the roots but was highly phytotoxic to melon and eggplant. Tomato and particularly peppers were less sensitive to fluensulfone leaf sprays. In further experiments we showed that the active ingredient is exuded or leaks out of the roots into the rhizosphere as spraying tomato or pepper plants with fluensulfone resulted in a high mortality of M. incognita second-stage juveniles in a water suspension surrounding the roots. This effect was observed within 12–24 hr after the spray application.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Fluensulfone leaf spray significantly reduced M. incognita root infestation.
- Taxon
- Vegetable Transplantst0
- Treatment
- leaf spray application with fluensulfonee0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- Meloidogyne incognita infestation of the rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A leaf spray application with fluensulfone significantly reduced Meloidogyne incognita infestation of the roots”
t0“Vegetable Transplants Infected by Meloidogyne incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluensulfone leaf sprays were highly phytotoxic to melon.
- Taxon
- melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis meloe0 - Treatment
- leaf spray application with fluensulfonee1
- Outcome
- highly phytotoxice0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“was highly phytotoxic to melon and eggplant.”
e1“A leaf spray application with fluensulfone significantly reduced Meloidogyne incognita infestation of the roots but was highly phytotoxic to melon and eggplant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluensulfone leaf sprays were highly phytotoxic to eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- leaf spray application with fluensulfonee1
- Outcome
- highly phytotoxice0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was highly phytotoxic to melon and eggplant.”
e1“A leaf spray application with fluensulfone significantly reduced Meloidogyne incognita infestation of the roots but was highly phytotoxic to melon and eggplant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato was less sensitive to fluensulfone leaf sprays.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- fluensulfone leaf sprayse0
- Outcome
- sensitivee0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato and particularly peppers were less sensitive to fluensulfone leaf sprays.”
Claim · model-written summary
Peppers were particularly less sensitive to fluensulfone leaf sprays.
CapsicumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato and particularly peppers were less sensitive to fluensulfone leaf sprays.”
Claim · model-written summary
After tomato sprays, fluensulfone reached the rhizosphere and killed M. incognita juveniles in surrounding water.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- spraying tomato or pepper plants with fluensulfonee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- mortality of M. incognita second-stage juvenilese0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying tomato or pepper plants with fluensulfone resulted in a high mortality of M. incognita second-stage juveniles in a water suspension surrounding the roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
After pepper sprays, fluensulfone reached the rhizosphere and killed M. incognita juveniles in surrounding water.
- Taxon
- peppere0
- Treatment
- spraying tomato or pepper plants with fluensulfonee0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- mortality of M. incognita second-stage juvenilese0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying tomato or pepper plants with fluensulfone resulted in a high mortality of M. incognita second-stage juveniles in a water suspension surrounding the roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
The juvenile mortality effect appeared within 12–24 hr after spraying.
- Taxon
- Vegetable Transplantst0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitat0pathogen
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Value
- 12–24 hre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This effect was observed within 12–24 hr after the spray application.”
t0“Vegetable Transplants Infected by Meloidogyne incognita”
The same questions in other papers
fluensulfone · crop injury · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
fluensulfone · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →application · crop injury · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
application · crop injury · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
application · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.