Abstract
Optimizing nitrogen management in maize is critical for enhancing yield and resource use efficiency, particularly in Nepal. This study evaluates the impact of real-time nitrogen management using a Leaf color chart (LCC) under different tillage practices in winter maize. The experiment was arranged in a strip plot design with three replications comprising two tillage methods (conventional tillage and zero tillage) as the main plot factor and six nutrient management practices namely nitrogen omission (0 kg N ha-1), recommended dose of nitrogen (120 kg N ha-1), nitrogen application through leaf color chart (LCC) values 3 (45 kg N ha-1), LCC values 4 (88.33 kg N ha-1, LCC values 5 (119.7 kg N ha-1) and LCC values 6 (140 kg N ha-1) as subplot factors. Results showed that LCC 5 (119.7 kg N ha⁻¹) achieved the highest grain yield (4,814.26 kg ha⁻¹) and economic returns (NRs 53,376.3 ha⁻¹ net return, B:C ratio 1.77). Grain yield from conventional tillage (3947 kg ha⁻¹) was somewhat higher than zero tillage (3326 kg ha⁻¹), but the differences were statistically insignificant. Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen management, with LCC 5 exhibiting superior agronomic efficiency (28.60 kg grain kg-1 N) and recovery efficiency (0.77 kg N uptake kg-1 N applied). The LCC 5 treatment achieved the optimal balance between yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and economic returns, making it a suitable option for farmers aiming to optimize nitrogen use and maximize profits in maize cultivation. Thus, farmers should implement the LCC tool rather than relying on fixed schedules and quantities for nitrogen fertilizer application.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 (119.7 kg N/ha) achieved the highest grain yield, 4,814.26 kg/ha, in winter maize.
- Treatment
- LCC 5 (119.7 kg N ha⁻¹)e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 4,814.26 kg ha⁻¹e1
- Setting
- Chitwan, Nepalt1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improved Maize Yield”
t1“in Chitwan, Nepal”
e1“Results showed that LCC 5 (119.7 kg N ha⁻¹) achieved the highest grain yield (4,814.26 kg ha⁻¹) and economic returns (NRs 53,376.3 ha⁻¹ net return, B:C ratio 1.77)”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 achieved the highest economic returns, net return NRs 53,376.3/ha.
- Treatment
- LCC 5 (119.7 kg N ha⁻¹)e1
- Outcome
- economic returnse1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- NRs 53,376.3 ha⁻¹e1
- Qualifier
- net returne1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improved Maize Yield”
e1“Results showed that LCC 5 (119.7 kg N ha⁻¹) achieved the highest grain yield (4,814.26 kg ha⁻¹) and economic returns (NRs 53,376.3 ha⁻¹ net return, B:C ratio 1.77)”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 achieved the highest B:C ratio, 1.77.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improved Maize Yield”
e1“Results showed that LCC 5 (119.7 kg N ha⁻¹) achieved the highest grain yield (4,814.26 kg ha⁻¹) and economic returns (NRs 53,376.3 ha⁻¹ net return, B:C ratio 1.77)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield under conventional tillage was somewhat higher than under zero tillage, but the difference was not statistically significant.
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee2
- Outcome
- Grain yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 3947 kg ha⁻¹e2
- Qualifier
- 3326 kg ha⁻¹e2
- Comparator
- zero tillagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improved Maize Yield”
e2“Grain yield from conventional tillage (3947 kg ha⁻¹) was somewhat higher than zero tillage (3326 kg ha⁻¹), but the differences were statistically insignificant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen management.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improved Maize Yield”
e3“Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen management, with LCC 5 exhibiting superior agronomic efficiency (28.60 kg grain kg-1 N) and recovery efficiency (0.77 kg N uptake kg-1 N applied)”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 showed superior agronomic efficiency, 28.60 kg grain per kg N.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improved Maize Yield”
e3“Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen management, with LCC 5 exhibiting superior agronomic efficiency (28.60 kg grain kg-1 N) and recovery efficiency (0.77 kg N uptake kg-1 N applied)”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 showed superior recovery efficiency, 0.77 kg N uptake per kg N applied.
- Treatment
- LCC 5e3
- Outcome
- recovery efficiencye3
- Direction
- superiore3
- Value
- 0.77 kg N uptake kg-1 N appliede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improved Maize Yield”
e3“Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen management, with LCC 5 exhibiting superior agronomic efficiency (28.60 kg grain kg-1 N) and recovery efficiency (0.77 kg N uptake kg-1 N applied)”
Claim · model-written summary
LCC 5 treatment gave the optimal balance between yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic returns in maize.
- Treatment
- LCC 5 treatmente4
- Outcome
- optimal balance between yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and economic returnse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improved Maize Yield”
e4“The LCC 5 treatment achieved the optimal balance between yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and economic returns”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers should implement the LCC tool for nitrogen fertilizer application in maize rather than fixed schedules and quantities.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improved Maize Yield”
e5“Thus, farmers should implement the LCC tool rather than relying on fixed schedules and quantities for nitrogen fertilizer application”
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See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.