Abstract
Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene are characterized by high spike fertility and high grain weights. These traits may enable high yields under favorable climatic conditions, provided that the low tillering is offset by an adequate sowing rate. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of the tin gene by comparing two pairs of near-isogenic lines (NILs), namely Janz ± tin and Kite ± tin , sown at a rate of 350 germinable seeds m - ² across six environments (two sites × three years) in Italy (Sardinia and Emilia-Romagna). Seasonal rainfall (October–May) ranged from 311 to 784 mm, corresponding to mean grain yields between 3.5 and 6.7 t ha -1 . On average, the tin lines yielded similarly to their free-tillering counterparts (4.67 vs. 4.78 t ha -1 , respectively), owing to their higher grain weight (45.0 vs. 42.3 mg), which compensated for a lower grain number (10408 vs. 11554 m - ²) resulting from fewer spikes m -2 (406 vs. 437), despite a similar number of grains per spike. The reduced fruiting efficiency of tin lines (56.0 vs. 65.6 grains g -1 of spike), likely due to an inefficient investment in chaff, may have constrained the expression of their typically high spike fertility. However, the lower spike number plasticity in tin lines was balanced by greater plasticity in grain weight, enabling comparable grain yield plasticity between NILs. Although the grain yield level and plasticity of tin lines were comparable to those of free-tillering lines, these results do not support their adoption in cropping systems targeting moderate to high yields. On the other hand, the findings do not rule out the potential benefits of introgressing tin genes into different genetic backgrounds or improving fruiting efficiency to overcome the limitations identified in this study.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Tin lines yielded similarly to their free-tillering counterparts (4.67 vs. 4.78 t ha -1).
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Janz ± tin and Kite ± tine1
- Treatment
- tin (tiller inhibition) genee0
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Value
- 4.67 vs. 4.78 t ha -1e4
- Comparator
- free-tillering counterpartse4
- Setting
- Italy (Sardinia and Emilia-Romagna)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e1“namely Janz ± tin and Kite ± tin”
e2“six environments (two sites × three years) in Italy (Sardinia and Emilia-Romagna)”
e4“the tin lines yielded similarly to their free-tillering counterparts (4.67 vs. 4.78 t ha -1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tin lines had higher grain weight (45.0 vs. 42.3 mg) than free-tillering counterparts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tin (tiller inhibition) genee0
- Outcome
- grain weighte3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 45.0 vs. 42.3 mge3
- Comparator
- free-tillering counterpartse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e3“higher grain weight (45.0 vs. 42.3 mg), which compensated for a lower grain number (10408 vs. 11554 m - ²)”
e4“the tin lines yielded similarly to their free-tillering counterparts (4.67 vs. 4.78 t ha -1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tin lines had lower grain number (10408 vs. 11554 m-2) than free-tillering counterparts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tin (tiller inhibition) genee0
- Outcome
- grain numbere3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 10408 vs. 11554 m - ²e3
- Comparator
- free-tillering counterpartse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e3“higher grain weight (45.0 vs. 42.3 mg), which compensated for a lower grain number (10408 vs. 11554 m - ²)”
e4“the tin lines yielded similarly to their free-tillering counterparts (4.67 vs. 4.78 t ha -1 , respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tin lines had fewer spikes per m2 (406 vs. 437) than free-tillering counterparts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tin (tiller inhibition) genee0
- Outcome
- spikes m -2e5
- Direction
- fewere5
- Value
- 406 vs. 437e5
- Comparator
- free-tillering counterpartse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e4“the tin lines yielded similarly to their free-tillering counterparts (4.67 vs. 4.78 t ha -1 , respectively)”
e5“resulting from fewer spikes m -2 (406 vs. 437)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tin lines had reduced fruiting efficiency (56.0 vs. 65.6 grains g-1 of spike).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tin (tiller inhibition) genee0
- Outcome
- fruiting efficiencye6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 56.0 vs. 65.6 grains g -1 of spikee6
- Comparator
- free-tillering counterpartse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e4“the tin lines yielded similarly to their free-tillering counterparts (4.67 vs. 4.78 t ha -1 , respectively)”
e6“reduced fruiting efficiency of tin lines (56.0 vs. 65.6 grains g -1 of spike)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced fruiting efficiency in tin lines is likely due to an inefficient investment in chaff.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- fruiting efficiencye6
- Qualifier
- inefficient investment in chaffe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e6“reduced fruiting efficiency of tin lines (56.0 vs. 65.6 grains g -1 of spike)”
e7“likely due to an inefficient investment in chaff”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield plasticity was comparable between tin and free-tillering lines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tin (tiller inhibition) genee0
- Outcome
- grain yield plasticitye1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e1“the lower spike number plasticity in tin lines was balanced by greater plasticity in grain weight, enabling comparable grain yield plasticity between NILs”
Claim · model-written summary
Tin lines had greater plasticity in grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tin (tiller inhibition) genee0
- Outcome
- plasticity in grain weighte1
- Direction
- greatere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e1“the lower spike number plasticity in tin lines was balanced by greater plasticity in grain weight, enabling comparable grain yield plasticity between NILs”
Claim · model-written summary
Tin lines had lower spike number plasticity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tin (tiller inhibition) genee0
- Outcome
- spike number plasticitye1
- Direction
- lowere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e1“the lower spike number plasticity in tin lines was balanced by greater plasticity in grain weight, enabling comparable grain yield plasticity between NILs”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend against adopting tin lines in cropping systems targeting moderate to high yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- their adoption in cropping systems targeting moderate to high yieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced-tillering wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) lines carrying the tin (tiller inhibition) gene”
e1“these results do not support their adoption in cropping systems targeting moderate to high yields”
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