Abstract
Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry, severely affecting cotton quality and the economic well-being of farmers. Bacillus atrophaeus YL84 is a biocontrol bacterium with broad-spectrum antagonistic and growth-promoting characteristics, previously isolated by our laboratory. This study aimed to elucidate the antagonistic effects of sterilized fermentation filtrate from Bacillus atrophaeus YL84 on cotton Verticillium wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae and its growth-promoting effects on cotton. The experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo to assess these effects comprehensively. Using the dual culture method, it was found that Bacillus atrophaeus YL84 exhibited a high inhibition rate on mycelial growth of V. dahliae, with an inhibition rate of 84.11%. The undiluted YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate and its 10% volume fraction dilution (fermentation filtrate diluted to 10%) exhibited inhibition rates of 80.25% and 72.16% for conidial germination and mycelial growth of V. dahliae, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed increased branching, swelling, and shortened internodes in the antagonized mycelia. Conductivity measurements revealed a significant enhancement caused by the YL84 filtrate, with conductivity increasing by 8.94 times compared to the control at a 250 μg/mL concentration. Similarly, protein leakage peaked at 9.47 times the control level at 250 μg/mL, demonstrating the filtrate’s potent impact on mycelial cell membrane permeability. The enzymatic activities of polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (CL), and β-glucosidase (β-GC) were significantly reduced following treatment with YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate, with reductions from control levels of 15.78, 10.11, and 5.01 U/mL to treatment levels of 11.81, 6.96, and 1.44 U/mL, respectively. Indoor pot experiments demonstrated that different concentrations of YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate significantly suppressed the occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt while promoting plant growth. Compared to the control group, application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate resulted in a control efficacy of 66.69% for cotton Verticillium wilt, with increases in plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of 9.36–33.85%, 17.33–29.49%, 16.79–28.24%, and 25–58.33%, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of the YL84 filtrate as both a biocontrol agent and a promoter of cotton plant growth in agricultural settings. These results indicate that Bacillus atrophaeus YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate possesses both disease-suppressing and growth-promoting activities, making it a promising candidate for development and use as a biocontrol agent and plant growth promoter.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus atrophaeus YL84 in dual culture inhibited mycelial growth of V. dahliae with an inhibition rate of 84.11%.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- dual culture methode1
- Interactor
- V. dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee1pathogen - Second interactor
- Bacillus atrophaeus YL84Bacillus atrophaeuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition rate on mycelial growth of V. dahliaee1
- Value
- 84.11%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e1“Using the dual culture method, it was found that Bacillus atrophaeus YL84 exhibited a high inhibition rate on mycelial growth of V. dahliae, with an inhibition rate of 84.11%”
Claim · model-written summary
The YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate, undiluted or diluted to 10%, inhibited conidial germination of V. dahliae by 80.25%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- sterilized fermentation filtratee2
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee2pathogen
- Second interactor
- YL84e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- conidial germinatione2
- Value
- 80.25%e2
- Qualifier
- 10% volume fraction dilutione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e2“The undiluted YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate and its 10% volume fraction dilution (fermentation filtrate diluted to 10%) exhibited inhibition rates of 80.25% and 72.16% for conidial germination and mycelial growth of V. dahliae, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate, undiluted or diluted to 10%, inhibited mycelial growth of V. dahliae by 72.16%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- sterilized fermentation filtratee2
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee2pathogen
- Second interactor
- YL84e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of V. dahliaee2
- Value
- 72.16%e2
- Qualifier
- 10% volume fraction dilutione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e2“The undiluted YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate and its 10% volume fraction dilution (fermentation filtrate diluted to 10%) exhibited inhibition rates of 80.25% and 72.16% for conidial germination and mycelial growth of V. dahliae, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Scanning electron microscopy showed increased branching, swelling and shortened internodes in the antagonized mycelia.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- antagonized myceliae3
- Outcome
- branching, swelling, and shortened internodese3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e3“Scanning electron microscopy showed increased branching, swelling, and shortened internodes in the antagonized mycelia”
Claim · model-written summary
The YL84 filtrate increased conductivity of the pathogen mycelia 8.94 times relative to the control at 250 μg/mL.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- YL84 filtratee4
- Outcome
- conductivitye4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 8.94 timese4
- Qualifier
- 250 μg/mL concentratione4
- Comparator
- the controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e4“Conductivity measurements revealed a significant enhancement caused by the YL84 filtrate, with conductivity increasing by 8.94 times compared to the control at a 250 μg/mL concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The YL84 filtrate caused protein leakage that peaked at 9.47 times the control level at 250 μg/mL.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- YL84 filtratee4
- Outcome
- protein leakagee5
- Direction
- peakede5
- Value
- 9.47 timese5
- Qualifier
- 250 μg/mLe5
- Comparator
- the control levele5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e4“Conductivity measurements revealed a significant enhancement caused by the YL84 filtrate, with conductivity increasing by 8.94 times compared to the control at a 250 μg/mL concentration”
e5“Similarly, protein leakage peaked at 9.47 times the control level at 250 μg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate significantly reduced polygalacturonase (PG) activity from 15.78 to 11.81 U/mL.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- YL84 sterilized fermentation filtratee6
- Gene
- polygalacturonase (PG)e6
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese6
- Direction
- significantly reducede6
- Value
- 11.81e6
- Qualifier
- 15.78e6
- Comparator
- control levelse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e6“The enzymatic activities of polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (CL), and β-glucosidase (β-GC) were significantly reduced following treatment with YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate, with reductions from control levels of 15.78, 10.11, and 5.01 U/mL to treatment levels of 11.81, 6.96, and 1.44 U/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate significantly reduced cellulase (CL) activity from 10.11 to 6.96 U/mL.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- YL84 sterilized fermentation filtratee6
- Gene
- cellulase (CL)e6
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese6
- Direction
- significantly reducede6
- Value
- 6.96e6
- Qualifier
- 10.11e6
- Comparator
- control levelse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e6“The enzymatic activities of polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (CL), and β-glucosidase (β-GC) were significantly reduced following treatment with YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate, with reductions from control levels of 15.78, 10.11, and 5.01 U/mL to treatment levels of 11.81, 6.96, and 1.44 U/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate significantly reduced β-glucosidase (β-GC) activity from 5.01 to 1.44 U/mL.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- YL84 sterilized fermentation filtratee6
- Gene
- β-glucosidase (β-GC)e6
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese6
- Direction
- significantly reducede6
- Value
- 1.44e6
- Qualifier
- 5.01e6
- Comparator
- control levelse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e6“The enzymatic activities of polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (CL), and β-glucosidase (β-GC) were significantly reduced following treatment with YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate, with reductions from control levels of 15.78, 10.11, and 5.01 U/mL to treatment levels of 11.81, 6.96, and 1.44 U/mL, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoor pot experiments showed that different concentrations of YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate significantly suppressed the occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume7
- Treatment
- different concentrations of YL84 sterilized fermentation filtratee7
- Outcome
- occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilte7
- Direction
- significantly suppressede7
- Setting
- Indoor pot experimentse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Indoor pot experiments demonstrated that different concentrations of YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate significantly suppressed the occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt while promoting plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate gave a control efficacy of 66.69% against cotton Verticillium wilt compared with the control group.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtratee1
- Outcome
- control efficacye1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 66.69%e1
- Comparator
- the control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the control group, application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate resulted in a control efficacy of 66.69% for cotton Verticillium wilt, with increases in plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of 9.36–33.85%, 17.33–29.49%, 16.79–28.24%, and 25–58.33%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate increased cotton plant height by 9.36–33.85% relative to the control group.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtratee1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 9.36–33.85%e1
- Comparator
- the control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the control group, application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate resulted in a control efficacy of 66.69% for cotton Verticillium wilt, with increases in plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of 9.36–33.85%, 17.33–29.49%, 16.79–28.24%, and 25–58.33%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate increased cotton root length by 17.33–29.49% relative to the control group.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtratee1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 17.33–29.49%e1
- Comparator
- the control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the control group, application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate resulted in a control efficacy of 66.69% for cotton Verticillium wilt, with increases in plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of 9.36–33.85%, 17.33–29.49%, 16.79–28.24%, and 25–58.33%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate increased cotton fresh weight by 16.79–28.24% relative to the control group.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtratee1
- Outcome
- fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 16.79–28.24%e1
- Comparator
- the control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the control group, application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate resulted in a control efficacy of 66.69% for cotton Verticillium wilt, with increases in plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of 9.36–33.85%, 17.33–29.49%, 16.79–28.24%, and 25–58.33%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate increased cotton dry weight by 25–58.33% relative to the control group.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtratee1
- Outcome
- dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 25–58.33%e1
- Comparator
- the control groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the control group, application of 250 μg/mL YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate resulted in a control efficacy of 66.69% for cotton Verticillium wilt, with increases in plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of 9.36–33.85%, 17.33–29.49%, 16.79–28.24%, and 25–58.33%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The YL84 sterilized fermentation filtrate is a promising candidate for development and use as a cotton biocontrol agent and plant growth promoter.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- development and use as a biocontrol agent and plant growth promotere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton Verticillium wilt is a disease that significantly impacts the cotton industry”
e1“making it a promising candidate for development and use as a biocontrol agent and plant growth promoter”
The same questions in other papers
processing · control · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
processing · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
processing · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.