Abstract
Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots, reducing root function and inhibiting nitrogen (N) uptake. Exogenous sucrose can protect plants from low temperature stress, however, the role of sucrose in regulating the N uptake in apple roots at sub-low temperature is unclear. In this study, the physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic mechanisms of apple root N uptake regulation by 1% sucrose under sub-low root-zone temperature (LT) were evaluated. The results showed that LT treatment significantly inhibited N uptake (especially NO3−-N) and metabolism in roots, decreased photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves, and inhibited the growth of roots (root activity decreased by 68.85%) and above-ground parts, while exogenous sucrose application significantly alleviated this inhibition. Sucrose application accelerated carbon (C) metabolism and increased sugar, acid, and adenosine triphosphate contents in roots. In addition, exogenous sucrose alleviated the inhibition of N uptake by low temperature, increased the NO3−-N content, and increased the activities of enzymes related to N metabolism (NR, GS, NADH-GOGAT, GPT, and GOT) in roots. Most of the genes associated with C and N metabolism (MdBMY3, MdSS3, MdPFK6, MdCS2, MdNPF4.4, MdGS and MdGDH1) were upregulated under sucrose treatment, as confirmed by transcriptomic data. Furthermore, the transcriptomic and metabolomic results suggested that sucrose may enhance N uptake by increasing the accumulation of luteolin and sinapyl alcohol in flavonoid metabolism. Collectively, these results provided new insights into the role of sucrose in modulating apple root N uptake under sub-low temperature.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Low root-zone temperature significantly inhibited root N uptake, especially NO3−-N.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- LTe1
- Outcome
- N uptakee1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- especially NO3−-Ne1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e1“LT treatment significantly inhibited N uptake (especially NO3−-N) and metabolism in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root-zone temperature decreased photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in apple leaves.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- LTe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescencee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e1“LT treatment significantly inhibited N uptake (especially NO3−-N) and metabolism in roots”
e2“decreased photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root-zone temperature decreased root activity by 68.85%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- LTe1
- Outcome
- root activitye3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 68.85%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e1“LT treatment significantly inhibited N uptake (especially NO3−-N) and metabolism in roots”
e3“inhibited the growth of roots (root activity decreased by 68.85%) and above-ground parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Low root-zone temperature inhibited growth of apple above-ground parts.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- above-ground partse3
- Treatment
- LTe1
- Outcome
- growthe3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e1“LT treatment significantly inhibited N uptake (especially NO3−-N) and metabolism in roots”
e3“inhibited the growth of roots (root activity decreased by 68.85%) and above-ground parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sucrose significantly alleviated the low-temperature inhibition of root and above-ground growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- exogenous sucrosee4
- Outcome
- growthe3
- Direction
- alleviatede4
- Comparator
- LT treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e1“LT treatment significantly inhibited N uptake (especially NO3−-N) and metabolism in roots”
e3“inhibited the growth of roots (root activity decreased by 68.85%) and above-ground parts”
e4“exogenous sucrose application significantly alleviated this inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose accelerated carbon metabolism in apple roots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- Sucrose applicatione5
- Outcome
- carbon (C) metabolisme5
- Direction
- acceleratede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e5“Sucrose application accelerated carbon (C) metabolism and increased sugar, acid, and adenosine triphosphate contents in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose increased sugar, acid and ATP contents in apple roots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- Sucrose applicatione5
- Outcome
- sugar, acid, and adenosine triphosphate contentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e5“Sucrose application accelerated carbon (C) metabolism and increased sugar, acid, and adenosine triphosphate contents in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sucrose alleviated the low-temperature inhibition of root N uptake.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- exogenous sucrosee6
- Outcome
- N uptakee6
- Direction
- alleviatede6
- Comparator
- LT treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e1“LT treatment significantly inhibited N uptake (especially NO3−-N) and metabolism in roots”
e6“exogenous sucrose alleviated the inhibition of N uptake by low temperature, increased the NO3−-N content, and increased the activities of enzymes related to N metabolism (NR, GS, NADH-GOGAT, GPT, and GOT) in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sucrose increased the NO3−-N content in apple roots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Treatment
- exogenous sucrosee6
- Outcome
- NO3−-N contente6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e6“exogenous sucrose alleviated the inhibition of N uptake by low temperature, increased the NO3−-N content, and increased the activities of enzymes related to N metabolism (NR, GS, NADH-GOGAT, GPT, and GOT) in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sucrose increased the activities of NR, GS and NADH-GOGAT in apple roots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Treatment
- exogenous sucrosee6
- Gene
- NR, GS, NADH-GOGATe6
- Outcome
- activities of enzymes related to N metabolisme6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e6“exogenous sucrose alleviated the inhibition of N uptake by low temperature, increased the NO3−-N content, and increased the activities of enzymes related to N metabolism (NR, GS, NADH-GOGAT, GPT, and GOT) in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sucrose increased the activities of GPT and GOT in apple roots.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Treatment
- exogenous sucrosee6
- Gene
- GPT, and GOTe6
- Outcome
- activities of enzymes related to N metabolisme6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e6“exogenous sucrose alleviated the inhibition of N uptake by low temperature, increased the NO3−-N content, and increased the activities of enzymes related to N metabolism (NR, GS, NADH-GOGAT, GPT, and GOT) in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose treatment upregulated MdBMY3, MdSS3 and MdPFK6 among genes of C and N metabolism.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- sucrose treatmente7
- Gene
- MdBMY3, MdSS3, MdPFK6e7
- Outcome
- genes associated with C and N metabolisme7
- Direction
- upregulatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e7“Most of the genes associated with C and N metabolism (MdBMY3, MdSS3, MdPFK6, MdCS2, MdNPF4.4, MdGS and MdGDH1) were upregulated under sucrose treatment, as confirmed by transcriptomic data”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose treatment upregulated MdCS2 and MdNPF4.4 among genes of C and N metabolism.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- sucrose treatmente7
- Gene
- MdCS2, MdNPF4.4e7
- Outcome
- genes associated with C and N metabolisme7
- Direction
- upregulatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e7“Most of the genes associated with C and N metabolism (MdBMY3, MdSS3, MdPFK6, MdCS2, MdNPF4.4, MdGS and MdGDH1) were upregulated under sucrose treatment, as confirmed by transcriptomic data”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose treatment upregulated MdGS and MdGDH1 among genes of C and N metabolism.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- sucrose treatmente7
- Gene
- MdGS and MdGDH1e7
- Outcome
- genes associated with C and N metabolisme7
- Direction
- upregulatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e7“Most of the genes associated with C and N metabolism (MdBMY3, MdSS3, MdPFK6, MdCS2, MdNPF4.4, MdGS and MdGDH1) were upregulated under sucrose treatment, as confirmed by transcriptomic data”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose may enhance apple root N uptake by increasing luteolin and sinapyl alcohol accumulation in flavonoid metabolism.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Compound
- luteolin and sinapyl alcohole7
- Outcome
- N uptakee7
- Qualifier
- maye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sub-low soil temperature in spring can cause stress to the apple roots”
e7“sucrose may enhance N uptake by increasing the accumulation of luteolin and sinapyl alcohol in flavonoid metabolism”
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sucrose · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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See all 16 papers →sucrose · physiology: enzyme activity · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.