Abstract
Increasing heat stress is detrimental to chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) growth and production. Therefore, dedicated efforts are urgently needed to develop heat tolerant chickpea genotypes for food security. This study evaluates the tolerance of 26 chickpea genotypes under heat stress and non-stress conditions across three years (2017-18, 2018-19, and 2019–2020) under field conditions. Significant genotypic variation was observed for phenological (days to flowering, pod initiation, maturity) and physiological traits (chlorophyll content, nitrogen balance index, membrane stability) under both environments. Heat stress resulted in a considerable reduction in biomass and yield-related traits. Under heat stress, days to 50% flowering and maturity were reduced by 4 days and 24 days, respectively, while a 34.7% average yield reduction was observed compared to non-stressed conditions. Genotypes ‘IPC 2014-55’, ‘IPC 2011-78’, and ‘ICC 92944’ exhibited the least yield loss and showed better resilience under heat stress. The GGE biplot analysis identified genotypes with superior performance and stability, genotypes ‘IPC 2014-55’ and ‘IPC 2011-78’, performed consistently across both stressed and non-stressed conditions. AMMI analysis and PCA-based clustering revealed significant genotype-by-environment interactions, with certain genotypes like ‘IPC 2019-05’ exhibiting distinct variations under stress, because of extra early maturity. The study concludes that genotypes ‘IPC 2014-55’, ‘IPC 2011-78’, and ‘IPC 2019-05’ are promising candidates for breeding heat-tolerant chickpea. Correlation analysis indicated that selection of genotypes with high cell membrane stability, chlorophyll, high seed yield plant −1 , and high pods plant −1 under heat stress environment are suitable for developing heat tolerant chickpeas.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea genotypes varied significantly in phenology and physiological traits in stressed and unstressed conditions.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Cicer arietinumt0 - Material
- genotypice0
- Outcome
- phenological (days to flowering, pod initiation, maturity) and physiological traits (chlorophyll content, nitrogen balance index, membrane stability)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant genotypic variation was observed for phenological (days to flowering, pod initiation, maturity) and physiological traits (chlorophyll content, nitrogen balance index, membrane stability) under both environments.”
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced biomass and yield-related traits of chickpea.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Heat stresse0
- Outcome
- biomass and yield-related traitse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heat stress resulted in a considerable reduction in biomass and yield-related traits.”
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress shortened days to 50% flowering by 4 days.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- days to 50% floweringe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under heat stress, days to 50% flowering and maturity were reduced by 4 days and 24 days, respectively”
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress shortened days to maturity by 24 days.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- maturitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under heat stress, days to 50% flowering and maturity were reduced by 4 days and 24 days, respectively”
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress reduced average chickpea yield by 34.7% relative to non-stressed conditions.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- heat stresse1
- Outcome
- average yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 34.7%e0
- Comparator
- non-stressed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 34.7% average yield reduction was observed compared to non-stressed conditions”
e1“Under heat stress”
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
IPC 2014-55, IPC 2011-78 and ICC 92944 had the least yield loss under heat stress.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Material
- IPC 2014-55e0
- Treatment
- heat stresse0
- Outcome
- yield losse0
- Direction
- leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes ‘IPC 2014-55’, ‘IPC 2011-78’, and ‘ICC 92944’ exhibited the least yield loss and showed better resilience under heat stress.”
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
IPC 2014-55 and IPC 2011-78 performed consistently in stressed and unstressed conditions.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Material
- IPC 2014-55e0
- Treatment
- stressed and non-stressed conditionse0
- Outcome
- performed consistentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotypes ‘IPC 2014-55’ and ‘IPC 2011-78’, performed consistently across both stressed and non-stressed conditions”
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMMI and PCA analyses found significant genotype-by-environment interactions.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- genotype-by-environment interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMMI analysis and PCA-based clustering revealed significant genotype-by-environment interactions”
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
IPC 2019-05 varied distinctly under stress because of extra early maturity.
- Taxon
- Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Material
- IPC 2019-05e0
- Outcome
- distinct variations under stresse0
- Qualifier
- extra early maturitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘IPC 2019-05’ exhibiting distinct variations under stress, because of extra early maturity”
t0“Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify IPC 2014-55, IPC 2011-78 and IPC 2019-05 as candidates for heat-tolerant breeding.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- promising candidates for breeding heat-tolerant chickpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“genotypes ‘IPC 2014-55’, ‘IPC 2011-78’, and ‘IPC 2019-05’ are promising candidates for breeding heat-tolerant chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend selecting chickpea with high membrane stability, chlorophyll, seed yield and pod count under heat stress.
- Taxon
- chickpeasCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- selection of genotypes with high cell membrane stability, chlorophyll, high seed yield plant −1 , and high pods plant −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“selection of genotypes with high cell membrane stability, chlorophyll, high seed yield plant −1 , and high pods plant −1 under heat stress environment are suitable for developing heat tolerant chickpeas”
The same questions in other papers
heat · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →heat · phenology · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.