Abstract
Understanding the spatial variation in soil properties and the distribution of weeds is crucial for implementing sustainable weed management practices. This study aimed to explore the spatial distribution of Mimosa pudica and Euphorbia heterophylla, examining the impact of soil properties on their spatial distribution and density. The emerged weeds were counted on a regular grid (20x20m) with 60 observation points covering a study area of 2.49 ha. The physico-chemical properties of soil such as pH, temperature, moisture, total carbon, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable magnesium (Ex-Mg), exchangeable calcium (Ex-Ca) determined. The density of E. heterophylla had a positive correlation with TN (r=0.339), Ex-Mg (r=0.367), and Ex-Ca (r=0.438). By contrast, M. pudica exhibited a negative correlation with EC (r=-0.449). The geostatistical analysis uncovered diverse distribution patterns for E. heterophylla, M. pudica, and soil nutrients across the study. The analysis revealed the Gaussian model is suitable for E. heterophylla and TN, the spherical model for M. pudica, EC, and Ex-Mg, and the exponential model for Ex-Ca. The creation of individual weed distribution maps can serve as a valuable tool for implementing localized mechanical and chemical control methods, enhancing the efficiency, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of weed management. The knowledge is essential for making well-informed decisions on the site-specific management of E. heterophylla and M. pudica in Harumanis mango cultivation.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
E. heterophylla density correlated positively with soil total nitrogen.
- Taxon
- mango
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicat0 - Interactor
- E. heterophylla
Euphorbia heterophyllae0weed - Compound
- TNe0
- Outcome
- density of E. heterophyllae0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
- Value
- r=0.339e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The density of E. heterophylla had a positive correlation with TN (r=0.339)”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
E. heterophylla density correlated positively with exchangeable magnesium.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Interactor
- E. heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllae0weed
- Compound
- Ex-Mge0
- Outcome
- density of E. heterophyllae0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
- Value
- r=0.367e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The density of E. heterophylla had a positive correlation with TN (r=0.339), Ex-Mg (r=0.367)”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
E. heterophylla density correlated positively with exchangeable calcium.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Interactor
- E. heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllae0weed
- Compound
- Ex-Cae0
- Outcome
- density of E. heterophyllae0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
- Value
- r=0.438e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The density of E. heterophylla had a positive correlation with TN (r=0.339), Ex-Mg (r=0.367), and Ex-Ca (r=0.438)”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
M. pudica density correlated negatively with electrical conductivity.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Interactor
- M. pudica
Mimosa pudicae0weed - Compound
- ECe0
- Outcome
- M. pudicae0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
- Value
- r=-0.449e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. pudica exhibited a negative correlation with EC (r=-0.449)”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
E. heterophylla, M. pudica and soil nutrients showed diverse spatial patterns.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Interactor
- E. heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllae0weed
- Second interactor
- M. pudicaMimosa pudicae0weed
- Outcome
- distribution patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“diverse distribution patterns for E. heterophylla, M. pudica, and soil nutrients across the study”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Gaussian model suited E. heterophylla and TN spatial patterns.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Interactor
- E. heterophyllaEuphorbia heterophyllae0weed
- Outcome
- suitable for E. heterophylla and TNe0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Gaussian model is suitable for E. heterophylla and TN”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Spherical model suited M. pudica, EC and Ex-Mg spatial patterns.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Interactor
- M. pudicaMimosa pudicae0weed
- Outcome
- spherical model for M. pudica, EC, and Ex-Mge0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the spherical model for M. pudica, EC, and Ex-Mg”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
Exponential model suited Ex-Ca spatial pattern.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- exponential model for Ex-Cae0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the exponential model for Ex-Ca”
t0“Mango”