Abstract
The major objective was to investigate the protective capabilities of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from a number of medicinal plant species towards Aspergillus spp. secured from the internal tissues of fungi-infected peanuts. Among 32 fungal isolates surveyed for mycotoxin production in various culture media (PDA, RBCA, YES, CA), 10 isolates qualitatively producing AFB1, besides 10 OTA-producers, were assayed by HPLC for quantitative toxin production. Aspergillus spp. isolate Be 13 produced an extraordinary quantity of 1859.18 μg mL−1 AFB1, against the lowest toxin level of 280.40 μg mL−1 produced by the fungus isolate IS 4. The estimated amounts of OTA were considerably lower and fell in the range 0.88–6.00 μg mL−1; isolate Sa 1 was superior, while isolate Be 7 seemed inferior. Based on ITS gene sequencing, the highly toxigenic Aspergillus spp. isolates Be 13 and Sa 1 matched the description of A. novoparasiticus and A. ochraceus, respectively, ochraceus, respectively, which are present in GenBank with identity exceeding 99%. According to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, these antagonists labeled Ar6, Ma27 and So34 showed the typical characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis, respectively, with similarity percentages of 99–100. The plant growth-promoting activity measurements of the identified endophytes indicated the production of 16.96–80.00 μg/100 mL culture medium of IAA. Phosphate-solubilizing capacity varied among endophytes from 2.50 to 21.38 μg/100 mL. The polysaccharide production pool of bacterial strains ranged between 2.74 and 6.57 mg mL−1. P. aeruginosa Ar6 and B. velezensis successfully produced HCN, but B. subtilis failed. The in vitro mycotoxin biodegradation potential of tested bacterial endophytes indicated the superiority of B. velezensis in degrading both mycotoxins (AFB1-OTA) with average percentage of 88.7; B. subtilis ranked thereafter (85.6%). The 30-day old peanut (cv. Giza 6) seedlings grown in gnotobiotic system severely injured due to infection with AFB1/OTA-producing fungi, an effect expressed in significant reductions in shoot and root growth traits. Simultaneous treatment with the endophytic antagonists greatly diminished the harmful impact of the pathogens; B. velezensis was the pioneer, not P. aeruginosa Ar6. In conclusion, these findings proved that several endophytic bacterial species have the potential as alternative tools to chemical fungicides for protecting agricultural commodities against mycotoxin-producing fungi.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus isolate Be 13 produced 1859.18 μg mL−1 AFB1, while isolate IS 4 produced 280.40 μg mL−1.
- Taxon
- Peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Interactor
- Aspergillus spp.
Aspergilluse0pathogen - Outcome
- Aspergillus spp. isolate Be 13 produced an extraordinary quantity of 1859.18 μg mL−1 AFB1e0
- Value
- 1859.18 μg mL−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aspergillus spp. isolate Be 13 produced an extraordinary quantity of 1859.18 μg mL−1 AFB1, against the lowest toxin level of 280.40 μg mL−1 produced by the fungus isolate IS 4.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
OTA production ranged from 0.88 to 6.00 μg mL−1 among isolates.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- isolate Sa 1e0pathogen
- Outcome
- amounts of OTAe0
- Value
- 0.88–6.00 μg mL−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The estimated amounts of OTA were considerably lower and fell in the range 0.88–6.00 μg mL−1; isolate Sa 1 was superior, while isolate Be 7 seemed inferior.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Highly toxigenic isolates Be 13 and Sa 1 were identified as A. novoparasiticus and A. ochraceus, respectively.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus spp.Aspergilluse0pathogen
- Outcome
- matched the description of A. novoparasiticus and A. ochraceuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highly toxigenic Aspergillus spp. isolates Be 13 and Sa 1 matched the description of A. novoparasiticus and A. ochraceus, respectively”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonists Ar6, Ma27 and So34 were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- showed the typical characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensise0
- Value
- 99–100e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these antagonists labeled Ar6, Ma27 and So34 showed the typical characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis, respectively, with similarity percentages of 99–100.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytes produced 16.96–80.00 μg/100 mL IAA.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- endophytese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- production of 16.96–80.00 μg/100 mL culture medium of IAAe0
- Value
- 16.96–80.00 μg/100 mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant growth-promoting activity measurements of the identified endophytes indicated the production of 16.96–80.00 μg/100 mL culture medium of IAA.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte phosphate solubilization ranged from 2.50 to 21.38 μg/100 mL.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- endophytese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Phosphate-solubilizing capacitye0
- Value
- 2.50 to 21.38 μg/100 mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphate-solubilizing capacity varied among endophytes from 2.50 to 21.38 μg/100 mL.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial polysaccharide production ranged from 2.74 to 6.57 mg mL−1.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- bacterial strainse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- polysaccharide production pool of bacterial strainse0
- Value
- 2.74 and 6.57 mg mL−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The polysaccharide production pool of bacterial strains ranged between 2.74 and 6.57 mg mL−1.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
P. aeruginosa Ar6 and B. velezensis produced HCN, but B. subtilis did not.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- P. aeruginosa Ar6Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- produced HCNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. aeruginosa Ar6 and B. velezensis successfully produced HCN, but B. subtilis failed.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
B. velezensis degraded both mycotoxins at an average of 88.7%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis
Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- degrading both mycotoxins (AFB1-OTA)e0
- Value
- 88.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. velezensis in degrading both mycotoxins (AFB1-OTA) with average percentage of 88.7”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
B. subtilis ranked next for mycotoxin biodegradation at 85.6%.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- B. subtilis ranked thereaftere0
- Value
- 85.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis ranked thereafter (85.6%).”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Toxigenic fungal infection significantly reduced peanut shoot and root growth.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- cv. Giza 6e0
- Treatment
- infection with AFB1/OTA-producing fungie0
- Interactor
- AFB1/OTA-producing fungie0pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot and root growth traitse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 30-day old peanut (cv. Giza 6) seedlings grown in gnotobiotic system severely injured due to infection with AFB1/OTA-producing fungi, an effect expressed in significant reductions in shoot and root growth traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous endophyte treatment diminished fungal harm, with B. velezensis leading.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous treatment with the endophytic antagonistse0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. velezensisBacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- harmful impact of the pathogense0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Comparator
- P. aeruginosa Ar6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous treatment with the endophytic antagonists greatly diminished the harmful impact of the pathogens; B. velezensis was the pioneer, not P. aeruginosa Ar6.”
t0“Peanut”
The same questions in other papers
infection · growth · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.