Abstract
Abstract Enlist E3® soybean is resistant to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and glufosinate, allowing postemergence applications of these herbicides sequentially or as tank mixes. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of postemergence herbicide application timing and sequence with or without a preemergence application of micro-encapsulated acetochlor on waterhemp and common lambsquarters control, soybean yield, and economic returns. Field experiments were conducted in Rosemount and Franklin, Minnesota, in 2021 and 2022. Site, herbicide application timing, and sequence influenced weed control, yield, and profitability. In Rosemount, preemergence followed by (fb) two-pass postemergence programs, including 2,4-D + glyphosate applied at mid-postemergence with or without S -metolachlor, resulted in ≥95% waterhemp control at 28 d after late postemergence application. In Franklin, where weed density was lower, two-pass postemergence programs, regardless of preemergence application that included at least one application of 2,4-D + glyphosate (with or without S -metolachlor), provided ≥97% control of waterhemp and common lambsquarters at 28 d after late postemergence. The level of control was comparable to that of a preemergence herbicide fb a mid-postemergence application of 2,4-D + glyphosate + S -metolachlor at that site. In Rosemount, including acetochlor as the preemergence herbicide in the preemergence fb postemergence programs improved soybean yield by 32% and partial returns by US$384.50 ha −1 compared to postemergence herbicides–only programs. In contrast, the preemergence application did not affect yield or profitability in Franklin. The highest soybean yield (2,925.7 kg ha −1 ) in Rosemount resulted after glufosinate was applied early postemergence fb 2,4-D + glyphosate applied mid-postemergence. This yield was comparable to that of glufosinate applied early postemergence fb 2,4-D + glyphosate + S -metolachlor applied mid-postemergence and the two-pass glufosinate (early postemergence fb mid-postemergence) program, highlighting the importance of early season weed control. In Franklin, 2,4-D + glyphosate + S -metolachlor (applied mid-postemergence) fb glufosinate (applied late postemergence) provided a yield that was similar to the aforementioned programs at that site.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Site, timing and sequence influenced weed control, yield and profitability.
- Taxon
- Enlist E3® soybeant0
- Treatment
- herbicide application timing, and sequencee0
- Outcome
- weed control, yield, and profitabilitye0
- Setting
- Sitee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Site, herbicide application timing, and sequence influenced weed control, yield, and profitability.”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Rosemount, preemergence followed by two postemergence passes achieved at least 95% waterhemp control.
- Taxon
- Enlist E3® soybeant0
- Treatment
- preemergence followed by (fb) two-pass postemergence programse0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- waterhemp controle0
- Value
- ≥95%e0
- Setting
- Rosemounte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“In Rosemount, preemergence followed by (fb) two-pass postemergence programs, including 2,4-D + glyphosate applied at mid-postemergence with or without S -metolachlor, resulted in ≥95% waterhemp control at 28 d after late postemergence application.”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Franklin, two-pass programs including 2,4-D plus glyphosate achieved at least 97% waterhemp control.
- Taxon
- Enlist E3® soybeant0
- Treatment
- two-pass postemergence programse0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- control of waterhempe0
- Value
- ≥97%e0
- Setting
- Frankline0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“In Franklin, where weed density was lower, two-pass postemergence programs, regardless of preemergence application that included at least one application of 2,4-D + glyphosate (with or without S -metolachlor), provided ≥97% control of waterhemp and common lambsquarters at 28 d after late postemergence.”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The same Franklin programs achieved at least 97% common lambsquarters control.
- Taxon
- Enlist E3® soybeant0
- Treatment
- two-pass postemergence programse0
- Interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- controle0
- Value
- ≥97%e0
- Setting
- Frankline0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Franklin, where weed density was lower, two-pass postemergence programs, regardless of preemergence application that included at least one application of 2,4-D + glyphosate (with or without S -metolachlor), provided ≥97% control of waterhemp and common lambsquarters at 28 d after late postemergence.”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Franklin two-pass control matched a preemergence plus mid-postemergence reference program.
- Taxon
- Enlist E3® soybeant0
- Treatment
- preemergence herbicide fb a mid-postemergence application of 2,4-D + glyphosate + S -metolachlore0
- Outcome
- level of controle0
- Direction
- comparablee0
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Verbatim
e0“The level of control was comparable to that of a preemergence herbicide fb a mid-postemergence application of 2,4-D + glyphosate + S -metolachlor at that site.”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Rosemount, preemergence acetochlor improved soybean yield by 32% versus postemergence-only programs.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- acetochlor as the preemergence herbicidee0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 32%e0
- Comparator
- postemergence herbicides–only programse0
- Setting
- Rosemounte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Rosemount, including acetochlor as the preemergence herbicide in the preemergence fb postemergence programs improved soybean yield by 32% and partial returns by US$384.50 ha −1 compared to postemergence herbicides–only programs.”
Claim · model-written summary
In Rosemount, preemergence acetochlor improved partial returns by US$384.50 ha −1.
Verbatim
e0“In Rosemount, including acetochlor as the preemergence herbicide in the preemergence fb postemergence programs improved soybean yield by 32% and partial returns by US$384.50 ha −1 compared to postemergence herbicides–only programs.”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Franklin, preemergence application did not affect yield.
- Taxon
- Enlist E3® soybeant0
- Treatment
- preemergence applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Setting
- Frankline0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the preemergence application did not affect yield or profitability in Franklin.”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Franklin, preemergence application did not affect profitability.
- Taxon
- Enlist E3® soybeant0
- Treatment
- preemergence applicatione0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Setting
- Frankline0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the preemergence application did not affect yield or profitability in Franklin.”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Early glufosinate followed by mid-postemergence 2,4-D plus glyphosate gave Rosemount’s highest soybean yield, 2,925.7 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- glufosinate was applied early postemergence fb 2,4-D + glyphosate applied mid-postemergencee0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2,925.7 kg ha −1e0
- Setting
- Rosemounte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest soybean yield (2,925.7 kg ha −1 ) in Rosemount resulted after glufosinate was applied early postemergence fb 2,4-D + glyphosate applied mid-postemergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest-yield program matched one with added S-metolachlor.
- Taxon
- Enlist E3® soybeant0
- Treatment
- glufosinate applied early postemergence fb 2,4-D + glyphosate + S -metolachlor applied mid-postemergencee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“This yield was comparable to that of glufosinate applied early postemergence fb 2,4-D + glyphosate + S -metolachlor applied mid-postemergence”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest-yield program matched a two-pass glufosinate program.
- Taxon
- Enlist E3® soybeant0
- Treatment
- two-pass glufosinate (early postemergence fb mid-postemergence) programe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“This yield was comparable to that of glufosinate applied early postemergence fb 2,4-D + glyphosate + S -metolachlor applied mid-postemergence and the two-pass glufosinate (early postemergence fb mid-postemergence) program”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In Franklin, mid-postemergence 2,4-D plus glyphosate plus S-metolachlor followed by late glufosinate yielded similarly to the referenced programs.
Verbatim
e0“In Franklin, 2,4-D + glyphosate + S -metolachlor (applied mid-postemergence) fb glufosinate (applied late postemergence) provided a yield that was similar to the aforementioned programs at that site.”
t0“Enlist E3® soybean”
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