Abstract
A two-year experiment was conducted at the Sakha Agricultural Experiments and Research Station in the Agricultural Research Center (ARC) in the Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt, during the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons. The study aimed to evaluate the resistance of some faba bean genotypes to leaf rust and chocolate spot by applying biological, organic, and mineral N fertilization to enhance seed yield, quality, and farmer’s profits. The treatments were the combinations between three fertilization sources (biological, organic, and mineral N fertilization) and eight faba bean genotypes (Giza 40, Giza 716, Sakha 1, Sakha 4, L2039/437/2015, L2141/353/2015, L2103/591/2014, and L2144/379/2015). The treatments were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Fertilization sources were randomly assigned to the main plots, and the faba bean genotypes were allocated in sub-plots. Mineral N fertilization offered better protection against rust disease in Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015 compared to biological or organic fertilization, while chocolate spot disease was lower after 90 days of sowing with biological fertilization. Rust disease incidence was lower in L2144/379/2015 treated with biological or organic fertilization at 70 and 90 days after sowing. L2103/591/2014 and L2144/379/2015 responded positively to biological fertilization, indicating their resistance to chocolate spots. Biological fertilization showed potential in enhancing foliar disease resistance in Sakha 4, Sakha 1, and Giza 716, leading to potentially higher yields. Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015, which were susceptible to foliar diseases, showed higher productivity with mineral N fertilization. Sakha 1, Sakha 4, L2039/437/2015, and L2144/379/2015 had higher seed protein and carbohydrate contents with organic fertilization, while L2103/591/2014 and L2141/353/2015 showed the same with biological fertilization. Giza 716 showed greater economic returns with biological fertilization. Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015 demonstrated higher economic returns with mineral N fertilization. L2141/353/2015 had higher economic returns with organic fertilization, while L2103/591/2014 and L2144/379/2015 showed better returns with biological fertilization. Sakha 1, Sakha 4, Giza 716, and L2144/379/2015 treated with biological fertilization demonstrated higher productivity and profit with good quality compared to organic or mineral N fertilizations, suggesting that L2144/379/2015 is a promising genotype in foliar disease breeding programs.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nitrogen better protected Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015 against rust than biological or organic fertilization.
- Taxon
- Faba Bean
Vicia fabat0 - Material
- Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015e0
- Treatment
- Mineral N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- rust diseasee0
- Direction
- better protectione0
- Comparator
- biological or organic fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineral N fertilization offered better protection against rust disease in Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015 compared to biological or organic fertilization”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological fertilization lowered chocolate spot after 90 days.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- biological fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- chocolate spot diseasee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- after 90 days of sowinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chocolate spot disease was lower after 90 days of sowing with biological fertilization.”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological or organic fertilization lowered rust incidence in L2144/379/2015 at 70 and 90 days.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- L2144/379/2015e0
- Treatment
- biological or organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Rust disease incidencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- at 70 and 90 days after sowinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rust disease incidence was lower in L2144/379/2015 treated with biological or organic fertilization at 70 and 90 days after sowing.”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
L2103/591/2014 and L2144/379/2015 responded positively to biological fertilization for chocolate spot resistance.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- L2103/591/2014 and L2144/379/2015e0
- Treatment
- biological fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- resistance to chocolate spotse0
- Direction
- responded positivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L2103/591/2014 and L2144/379/2015 responded positively to biological fertilization, indicating their resistance to chocolate spots.”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological fertilization showed potential to enhance foliar disease resistance in Sakha 4, Sakha 1, and Giza 716.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- Sakha 4, Sakha 1, and Giza 716e0
- Treatment
- Biological fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- foliar disease resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biological fertilization showed potential in enhancing foliar disease resistance in Sakha 4, Sakha 1, and Giza 716, leading to potentially higher yields.”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nitrogen increased productivity of disease-susceptible Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015e0
- Treatment
- mineral N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015, which were susceptible to foliar diseases, showed higher productivity with mineral N fertilization.”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilization increased seed protein and carbohydrate in Sakha 1, Sakha 4, L2039/437/2015, and L2144/379/2015.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- Sakha 1, Sakha 4, L2039/437/2015, and L2144/379/2015e0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- seed protein and carbohydrate contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sakha 1, Sakha 4, L2039/437/2015, and L2144/379/2015 had higher seed protein and carbohydrate contents with organic fertilization”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological fertilization gave L2103/591/2014 and L2141/353/2015 the same elevated seed protein and carbohydrate result.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- L2103/591/2014 and L2141/353/2015e0
- Treatment
- biological fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- showed the samee0
- Direction
- samee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L2103/591/2014 and L2141/353/2015 showed the same with biological fertilization.”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological fertilization gave Giza 716 greater economic returns.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- Giza 716e0
- Treatment
- biological fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza 716 showed greater economic returns with biological fertilization.”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral nitrogen gave Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015 higher economic returns.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015e0
- Treatment
- mineral N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Giza 40 and L2039/437/2015 demonstrated higher economic returns with mineral N fertilization.”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilization gave L2141/353/2015 higher economic returns.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- L2141/353/2015e0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L2141/353/2015 had higher economic returns with organic fertilization”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological fertilization gave L2103/591/2014 and L2144/379/2015 better returns.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- L2103/591/2014 and L2144/379/2015e0
- Treatment
- biological fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- returnse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L2103/591/2014 and L2144/379/2015 showed better returns with biological fertilization.”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological fertilization gave Sakha 1, Sakha 4, Giza 716, and L2144/379/2015 higher productivity and profit with good quality.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- Sakha 1, Sakha 4, Giza 716, and L2144/379/2015e0
- Treatment
- biological fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- productivity and profit with good qualitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- organic or mineral N fertilizationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sakha 1, Sakha 4, Giza 716, and L2144/379/2015 treated with biological fertilization demonstrated higher productivity and profit with good quality compared to organic or mineral N fertilizations”
t0“Faba Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified L2144/379/2015 as promising for foliar disease breeding.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Material
- L2144/379/2015e0
- Outcome
- promising genotype in foliar disease breeding programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“L2144/379/2015 is a promising genotype in foliar disease breeding programs.”
t0“Faba Bean”
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