Abstract
The cooperative and competitive relationships between dynamic growth (plant growth height) and static (stem- or leaf-related traits) traits affect photosynthetic efficiency. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we applied covariation quantitative trait loci (covQTL) mapping to investigate the genetic regulation of the covariation pattern between dynamic growth in height (GH) and static leaf- or stem-related radial growth traits in Catalpa bungei . Our results revealed that leaf area, length, width, perimeter, and chlorophyll content positively influence GH, reflecting cooperative genetic interactions, while the leaf length/width ratio, diameter at breast height, and petiole length act as limiting factors for GH, indicating competitive genetic regulation. Furthermore, we identified 85 cooperation QTLs (CoopQTLs) and 27 competition QTL (CompQTLs), revealing key genes with distinct roles. NAC083 , a cooperation gene, regulates both plant height (GH) and leaf development by promoting cell expansion and division, through its involvement in cell wall biosynthesis and cell cycle regulation, as well as interactions with growth-related pathways like auxin and cytokinin signaling. In contrast, PIN8 , a competition gene, promotes GH by regulating auxin transport, directing auxin flow to promote stem elongation. However, it inhibits leaf vein elongation, especially the midrib, by disrupting auxin distribution in the leaf, leading to reduced leaf length. PIN8 and NAC083 were identified as hub genes within distinct genetic networks through gene expression analysis, further validating the modular regulation of competition and cooperation phenotypes by separate regulatory strategies. We highlight genetic mechanisms underlying stem-leaf growth coordination and trade-offs, providing valuable insights into the cooperative and competitive patterns in primary and leaf/stem-related growth for breeding forest tree varieties with optimal architecture, wood yield, and quality.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area, length, width, perimeter and chlorophyll content positively influenced Catalpa growth height.
- Taxon
- Catalpa bungei
Catalpa bungeit0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- GHe0
- Direction
- positively influencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area, length, width, perimeter, and chlorophyll content positively influence GH”
t0“Catalpa bungei”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf length/width ratio, diameter at breast height and petiole length limited Catalpa growth height.
- Taxon
- Catalpa bungeiCatalpa bungeit0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- GHe0
- Direction
- limiting factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf length/width ratio, diameter at breast height, and petiole length act as limiting factors for GH”
t0“Catalpa bungei”
Claim · model-written summary
Mapping identified 85 cooperation QTLs.
- Taxon
- Catalpa bungeiCatalpa bungeit0
- Gene
- cooperation QTLse0
- Outcome
- cooperation QTLse0
- Value
- 85e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified 85 cooperation QTLs (CoopQTLs) and 27 competition QTL (CompQTLs)”
t0“Catalpa bungei”
Claim · model-written summary
Mapping identified 27 competition QTLs.
- Taxon
- Catalpa bungeiCatalpa bungeit0
- Gene
- competition QTLe0
- Outcome
- competition QTLe0
- Value
- 27e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified 85 cooperation QTLs (CoopQTLs) and 27 competition QTL (CompQTLs)”
t0“Catalpa bungei”
Claim · model-written summary
NAC083 promoted height and leaf development through cell expansion and division.
- Taxon
- Catalpa bungeiCatalpa bungeit0
- Gene
- NAC083e0
- Outcome
- plant height (GH) and leaf developmente0
- Direction
- promotinge0
- Qualifier
- cell expansion and divisione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAC083 , a cooperation gene, regulates both plant height (GH) and leaf development by promoting cell expansion and division, through its involvement in cell wall biosynthesis and cell cycle regulation”
t0“Catalpa bungei”
Claim · model-written summary
PIN8 promoted height by regulating auxin transport and stem elongation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PIN8 , a competition gene, promotes GH by regulating auxin transport, directing auxin flow to promote stem elongation.”
t0“Catalpa bungei”
Claim · model-written summary
PIN8 inhibited leaf vein elongation and reduced leaf length through disturbed auxin distribution.
- Taxon
- Catalpa bungeiCatalpa bungeit0
- Gene
- PIN8e1
- Compound
- auxine0
- Outcome
- leaf vein elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
- Qualifier
- leading to reduced leaf lengthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it inhibits leaf vein elongation, especially the midrib, by disrupting auxin distribution in the leaf, leading to reduced leaf length.”
e1“PIN8 , a competition gene, promotes GH”
t0“Catalpa bungei”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression analysis identified PIN8 and NAC083 as hub genes in distinct genetic networks.
- Taxon
- Catalpa bungeiCatalpa bungeit0
- Gene
- PIN8 and NAC083e0
- Outcome
- hub genes within distinct genetic networkse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PIN8 and NAC083 were identified as hub genes within distinct genetic networks through gene expression analysis”
t0“Catalpa bungei”