Paper · 2025 · Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research

System of Ragi Intensification: Impact of Seedling Age and Crop Geometry on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economics

Suresh Naik, K. P; Shilpa, H. D.; Vidyashee, A. S; et al.

9
claims
17
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
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Open access

Abstract

Finger millet is called a drought-tolerant crop, owing to its capability to withstand water stress, nutritional stress and warming stress. A study was carried out at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Honnavile to evaluate the performance of rainfed finger millet (Var. ML-365) in system of ragi intensification, SRI) of planting at different crop geometry (One to two seedlings per hill, guni method) during the kharif season in 2024-25. The experiment was assigned twelve treatments, laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments included: Main plots: 3 Age of seedlings; M1: 14 days old seedlings, M2: 21 days old seedlings, M3: 28 days old seedlings in ‘Guni’ method; Subplots: 4 planting geometries; S1: 20 × 20 cm, S2: 25 × 25 cm, S3: 30 × 30 cm, S4: 35× 35 cm and S5: 30 x 10 cm. Experimental data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, adopting Fisher’s method of analysis of variance. The results showed that a number of ear heads, finger length and ear head weight were significantly higher in 28 DAT (Days after transplanting) compared to 14 & 21 DAT. The grain yield (3017 kg ha-1), straw yield (4801.20 kg ha-1) were significantly enhanced by 28 DAT compared to different age of transplanting combinations, but in the case of crop geometry, 35×35 cm recorded the highest grain yield (2718.67 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4222.67 kg ha-1). The nutrient uptake (N, P and K) and B-C ratio were also higher in the ‘guni’ method at 28 DAT and 35 × 35 cm spacing geometry, but N availability after the harvest of the crop was lower in 35 × 35 cm spacing compared to other planting geometries. Hence, it can be concluded that transplanting 28-day-old seedlings in the ‘guni’ method with 35 × 35 cm spacing performed better than mere transplanting of 14 & and 21-day-old seedlings in finger millet to achieve higher yield and straw yield.

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ear head number, finger length and ear head weight were higher at 28 DAT

Taxon
finger milletEleusine coracanae1
Treatment
28 DATe0
Outcome
a number of ear heads, finger length and ear head weighte0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
14 & 21 DATe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana · TaxonAgnieszka Kwiecień, Nova · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“a number of ear heads, finger length and ear head weight were significantly higher in 28 DAT (Days after transplanting) compared to 14 & 21 DAT”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 968–1111 · show in text ↑
e1

“rainfed finger millet (Var. ML-365)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–291 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 28 DAT grain yield was 3017 kg ha-1

Taxon
finger milletEleusine coracanae1
Treatment
28 DATe0
Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
enhancede0
Value
3017 kg ha-1e0
Comparator
different age of transplanting combinationse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana · TaxonAgnieszka Kwiecień, Nova · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The grain yield (3017 kg ha-1), straw yield (4801.20 kg ha-1) were significantly enhanced by 28 DAT compared to different age of transplanting combinations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1113–1268 · show in text ↑
e1

“rainfed finger millet (Var. ML-365)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–291 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 28 DAT straw yield was 4801.20 kg ha-1

Taxon
finger milletEleusine coracanae1
Treatment
28 DATe0
Outcome
straw yielde0
Direction
enhancede0
Value
4801.20 kg ha-1e0
Comparator
different age of transplanting combinationse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana · TaxonAgnieszka Kwiecień, Nova · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The grain yield (3017 kg ha-1), straw yield (4801.20 kg ha-1) were significantly enhanced by 28 DAT compared to different age of transplanting combinations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1113–1268 · show in text ↑
e1

“rainfed finger millet (Var. ML-365)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–291 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 35×35 cm grain yield was highest at 2718.67 kg ha-1

Taxon
finger milletEleusine coracanae1
Treatment
35×35 cme0
Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
2718.67 kg ha-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana · TaxonAgnieszka Kwiecień, Nova · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“35×35 cm recorded the highest grain yield (2718.67 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4222.67 kg ha-1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1304–1397 · show in text ↑
e1

“rainfed finger millet (Var. ML-365)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–291 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 35×35 cm straw yield was highest at 4222.67 kg ha-1

Taxon
finger milletEleusine coracanae1
Treatment
35×35 cme0
Outcome
straw yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
4222.67 kg ha-1e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana · TaxonAgnieszka Kwiecień, Nova · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“35×35 cm recorded the highest grain yield (2718.67 kg ha-1) and straw yield (4222.67 kg ha-1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1304–1397 · show in text ↑
e1

“rainfed finger millet (Var. ML-365)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–291 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

nutrient uptake (N, P and K) was higher under the guni method at 28 DAT and 35 × 35 cm

Taxon
finger milletEleusine coracanae1
Treatment
‘guni’ method at 28 DAT and 35 × 35 cm spacing geometrye0
Outcome
nutrient uptake (N, P and K)e0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana · TaxonAgnieszka Kwiecień, Nova · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The nutrient uptake (N, P and K) and B-C ratio were also higher in the ‘guni’ method at 28 DAT and 35 × 35 cm spacing geometry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1399–1525 · show in text ↑
e1

“rainfed finger millet (Var. ML-365)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–291 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B-C ratio was higher under the guni method at 28 DAT and 35 × 35 cm

Taxon
finger milletEleusine coracanae1
Treatment
‘guni’ method at 28 DAT and 35 × 35 cm spacing geometrye0
Outcome
B-C ratioe0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana · TaxonAgnieszka Kwiecień, Nova · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The nutrient uptake (N, P and K) and B-C ratio were also higher in the ‘guni’ method at 28 DAT and 35 × 35 cm spacing geometry”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1399–1525 · show in text ↑
e1

“rainfed finger millet (Var. ML-365)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–291 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Postharvest soil N availability was lower at 35 × 35 cm spacing

Taxon
finger milletEleusine coracanae1
Treatment
35 × 35 cm spacinge0
Outcome
N availability after the harvest of the crope0
Direction
lowere0
Comparator
other planting geometriese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana · TaxonAgnieszka Kwiecień, Nova · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“N availability after the harvest of the crop was lower in 35 × 35 cm spacing compared to other planting geometries”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1531–1645 · show in text ↑
e1

“rainfed finger millet (Var. ML-365)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 256–291 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend 28-day-old seedlings in the guni method at 35 × 35 cm spacing

Taxon
finger milletEleusine coracanae0
Outcome
transplanting 28-day-old seedlings in the ‘guni’ method with 35 × 35 cm spacinge0
Comparator
14 & and 21-day-old seedlingse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana · TaxonAgnieszka Kwiecień, Nova · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“transplanting 28-day-old seedlings in the ‘guni’ method with 35 × 35 cm spacing performed better than mere transplanting of 14 & and 21-day-old seedlings in finger millet to achieve higher yield and straw yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1679–1889 · show in text ↑

density · nutrient: content · Eleusine coracana (finger millet)Results agree

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.