Abstract
Blackleg disease poses a major threat to global canola production. The resistance gene Rlm1, corresponding to the avirulence gene AvrLm1 in the pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, has been widely used to mitigate the impact of the disease. To investigate the biochemical basis of Rlm1-mediated resistance against blackleg, we conducted an LC-MS–based analysis of a susceptible Topas double haploid (DH) line and its isogenic Rlm1-carrying resistant counterpart for metabolomic profiles during the infection process. Samples were labeled with 12C- and 13C for LC-MS analyses to enhance both chemical and physical properties of metabolites for improved quantification and detection sensitivity. Resistant plants showed early and sustained accumulation of several defense metabolites, notably pipecolic acid (PA, up to 326-fold), salicylic acid (SA), and gentisic acid (GA) in L. maculans-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 plants compared to mock-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 controls (adjusted p < 0.05), indicating activation of lysine degradation and hormonal defense pathways. Elevated glucosinolates (GLS), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and melatonin precursors may further contribute to antimicrobial defense and cell-wall reinforcement. In contrast, flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathways were down-regulated, suggesting metabolic reallocation during resistance. Exogenous application of PA, SA, GA, ferulic acid, and piperonylic acid (a known inhibitor of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants) significantly reduced infection in susceptible canola varieties, validating their defense roles against blackleg. These results offer new insights into Rlm1-mediated resistance and support metabolic targets for breeding durable blackleg resistance in canola.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Pipecolic acid accumulated up to 326-fold in L. maculans-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 plants versus mock-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 controls (adjusted p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- Canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Material
- Topas–Rlm1e0
- Treatment
- L. maculans-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- L. maculans
Plenodomus lingame0pathogen - Outcome
- pipecolic acide0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Value
- 326-folde0
- Comparator
- mock-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Canola”
e0“Resistant plants showed early and sustained accumulation of several defense metabolites, notably pipecolic acid (PA, up to 326-fold), salicylic acid (SA), and gentisic acid (GA) in L. maculans-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 plants compared to mock-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 controls (adjusted p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and gentisic acid accumulated in L. maculans-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 plants versus mock-inoculated controls (adjusted p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- CanolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Material
- Topas–Rlm1e0
- Treatment
- L. maculans-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- L. maculansPlenodomus lingame0pathogen
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA), and gentisic acid (GA)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Comparator
- mock-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Canola”
e0“Resistant plants showed early and sustained accumulation of several defense metabolites, notably pipecolic acid (PA, up to 326-fold), salicylic acid (SA), and gentisic acid (GA) in L. maculans-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 plants compared to mock-inoculated Topas–Rlm1 controls (adjusted p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucosinolates, GABA and melatonin precursors were elevated in the resistant plants.
- Taxon
- CanolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- glucosinolates (GLS), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and melatonin precursorse1
- Direction
- Elevatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Canola”
e1“Elevated glucosinolates (GLS), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and melatonin precursors”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathways were down-regulated in the resistant plants.
- Taxon
- CanolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathwayse2
- Direction
- down-regulatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Canola”
e2“flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathways were down-regulated”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous application of PA, SA, GA, ferulic acid and piperonylic acid significantly reduced infection in susceptible canola varieties.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse3
- Material
- susceptible canola varietiese3
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of PA, SA, GA, ferulic acid, and piperonylic acide3
- Outcome
- infectione3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Exogenous application of PA, SA, GA, ferulic acid, and piperonylic acid (a known inhibitor of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants) significantly reduced infection in susceptible canola varieties”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · disease · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.