Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Wheat has an inherently low concentration of Fe and Zn; therefore, enhancing their concentrations in grains has become vital to mitigate micronutrient malnutrition in many developing countries through biofortification strategies. Aims This study aims to explore variability in root architectural traits and their roles in Fe and Zn uptake leading to its accumulation in grains. Methods A rhizobox‐based experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Fe‐ and Zn‐deficient and ‐sufficient conditions on wheat root system architecture (RSA). Four treatments of Fe and Zn fertilizer combinations with four replications were used in these experiments (without Fe and Zn, with Zn and without Fe, without Zn and with Fe, and with Fe and Zn). Further, in a pot experiment, physiological attributes, growth, yield, and uptake of Fe and Zn were determined in the selected eight wheat varieties based on rhizobox trial results. Results Significant genotypic variability was noted in RSA traits of wheat genotypes, and some interesting correlations have been identified. Zinc‐efficient varieties Zincol‐16 and Akbar‐19 revealed better RSA traits like enhanced root diameter, lateral root density, and root length as compared to inefficient varieties like Ujala‐16 and TD‐1. The Zincol‐16 articulated maximum improvement in grain Fe and Zn content, that is, 53.9 mg Fe kg −1 concentration in the treatment with soil Fe application and 33.18 mg Zn kg −1 found in treatment with soil application of Zn. Yield attributes were significantly improved by the combined application of Fe and Zn, as the pot experiment showed that maximum thousand‐grain weight (47.3 g) and grain yield (12.4 g per pot) were found in Akbar‐19. Conclusion This study suggests that genetic variability in RSA correlates with increased Fe and Zn concentrations in grains. Therefore, by using RSA attributes for Fe and Zn biofortification in wheat, these findings may be used in breeding programs to develop new biofortified varieties to mitigate micronutrient malnutrition.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Zincol‐16 and Akbar‐19 had better root system architecture traits, with enhanced root diameter, lateral root density and root length, than Ujala‐16 and TD‐1.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Zincol‐16 and Akbar‐19e1
- Outcome
- root diameter, lateral root density, and root lengthe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- Ujala‐16 and TD‐1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Zincol‐16 and Akbar‐19 revealed better RSA traits like enhanced root diameter, lateral root density, and root length as compared to inefficient varieties like Ujala‐16 and TD‐1”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant genotypic variability was found in root system architecture traits among wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- wheat genotypese2
- Outcome
- RSA traitse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“Significant genotypic variability was noted in RSA traits of wheat genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zincol‐16 showed the maximum improvement in grain Fe content, 53.9 mg Fe kg −1, with soil Fe application.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Zincol‐16e3
- Treatment
- soil Fe applicatione3
- Outcome
- grain Fe and Zn contente3
- Direction
- maximum improvemente3
- Value
- 53.9 mg Fe kg −1e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“The Zincol‐16 articulated maximum improvement in grain Fe and Zn content, that is, 53.9 mg Fe kg −1 concentration in the treatment with soil Fe application”
Claim · model-written summary
Zincol‐16 showed the maximum improvement in grain Zn content, 33.18 mg Zn kg −1, with soil application of Zn.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Zincol‐16e3
- Treatment
- soil application of Zne4
- Outcome
- grain Fe and Zn contente3
- Direction
- maximum improvemente3
- Value
- 33.18 mg Zn kg −1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“The Zincol‐16 articulated maximum improvement in grain Fe and Zn content, that is, 53.9 mg Fe kg −1 concentration in the treatment with soil Fe application”
e4“33.18 mg Zn kg −1 found in treatment with soil application of Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Akbar‐19 had the maximum thousand‐grain weight of 47.3 g.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Akbar‐19e6
- Outcome
- thousand‐grain weighte6
- Value
- 47.3 ge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“maximum thousand‐grain weight (47.3 g) and grain yield (12.4 g per pot) were found in Akbar‐19”
Claim · model-written summary
Akbar‐19 had the maximum grain yield of 12.4 g per pot.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Akbar‐19e6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Value
- 12.4 g per pote6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“maximum thousand‐grain weight (47.3 g) and grain yield (12.4 g per pot) were found in Akbar‐19”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined application of Fe and Zn significantly improved yield attributes of wheat.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of Fe and Zne5
- Outcome
- Yield attributese5
- Direction
- significantly improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“Yield attributes were significantly improved by the combined application of Fe and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic variability in root system architecture correlates with increased Fe and Zn concentrations in wheat grains.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grainse7
- Outcome
- Fe and Zn concentrations in grainse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“genetic variability in RSA correlates with increased Fe and Zn concentrations in grains”
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