Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigates the potential of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) in mitigating ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B) induced physiological damage in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) and mung bean ( Vigna radiata ). Screening of the seed vigour indices identified 1500 mg L −1 MIONPs as the optimal concentration for radish and 100 mg L −1 for mung bean for seed vigour improvement. After the first true leaf appeared (~15 days), plants were exposed to different UV‐B intensities: control (UV0, 0 mW m −2 ), moderate (UV1, 26 mW m −2 ), and high (UV2, 53 mW m −2 ), with or without foliar MIONPs application. Results showed that UV‐B significantly decreased the net photosynthesis rate ( Pn ) by 32% in radish and 65% in mung bean after UV2 exposure. Fluorescence parameters, including photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and photosynthetic performance (PI abs ), were also impaired by UV‐B. UV‐B stress led to a decline in plant growth, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids, anthocyanins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels. However, MIONPs treatment enhanced UV‐B tolerance by improving pigment content, PSII efficiency, Pn , leaf area, and biomass accumulation while reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 levels, thus improving overall plant physiological health. In the leaf model of energy flux, MIONPs‐treated plants showed more active reaction centers and improved electron transport. The OJIP curves differed under UV‐B stress, with increasing UV‐B stress showing decreased fluorescence intensity at the IP phase. However, plants treated with MIONPs showed higher fluorescence intensity specifically at the IP phase, suggesting their protective effect. The UV sensitivity index (UV‐SI) revealed that mung bean is more UV‐sensitive than radish. MIONPs treatment increased UV‐SI values and enhanced the plant tolerance towards UV‐B. The results suggest that the application of MIONPs could improve UV‐B resistance in future agricultural practices.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
UV2 exposure decreased net photosynthesis rate by 32% in radish.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse1 - Treatment
- UV2 exposuree1
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis rate ( Pn )e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 32%e1
- Comparator
- control (UV0, 0 mW m −2 )e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“significantly decreased the net photosynthesis rate ( Pn ) by 32% in radish and 65% in mung bean after UV2 exposure”
e2“plants were exposed to different UV‐B intensities: control (UV0, 0 mW m −2 ), moderate (UV1, 26 mW m −2 ), and high (UV2, 53 mW m −2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
UV2 exposure decreased net photosynthesis rate by 65% in mung bean.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae1 - Treatment
- UV2 exposuree1
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis rate ( Pn )e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 65%e1
- Comparator
- control (UV0, 0 mW m −2 )e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“significantly decreased the net photosynthesis rate ( Pn ) by 32% in radish and 65% in mung bean after UV2 exposure”
e2“plants were exposed to different UV‐B intensities: control (UV0, 0 mW m −2 ), moderate (UV1, 26 mW m −2 ), and high (UV2, 53 mW m −2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B impaired fluorescence parameters (PSII efficiency and PI abs) in radish and mung bean.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be3
- Outcome
- fluorescence parameterse3
- Direction
- impairede3
- Qualifier
- photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and photosynthetic performance (PI abs )e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e3“Fluorescence parameters, including photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and photosynthetic performance (PI abs ), were also impaired by UV‐B”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B declined plant growth, leaf area and biomass accumulation in radish and mung bean.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be4
- Outcome
- plant growth, leaf area, biomass accumulatione4
- Direction
- declinee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e4“UV‐B stress led to a decline in plant growth, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids, anthocyanins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B declined chlorophyll content in radish and mung bean.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente4
- Direction
- declinee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e4“UV‐B stress led to a decline in plant growth, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids, anthocyanins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids and anthocyanins in radish and mung bean.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be4
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids, anthocyaninse4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e4“UV‐B stress led to a decline in plant growth, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids, anthocyanins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide levels in radish and mung bean.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- UV‐Be4
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levelse4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e4“UV‐B stress led to a decline in plant growth, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids, anthocyanins, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels”
Claim · model-written summary
MIONPs treatment improved pigment content, PSII efficiency and Pn under UV-B in radish and mung bean.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- MIONPs treatmente5
- Outcome
- pigment content, PSII efficiency, Pne5
- Direction
- improvinge5
- Qualifier
- enhanced UV‐B tolerancee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e5“However, MIONPs treatment enhanced UV‐B tolerance by improving pigment content, PSII efficiency, Pn , leaf area, and biomass accumulation while reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 levels”
Claim · model-written summary
MIONPs treatment improved leaf area and biomass accumulation under UV-B in radish and mung bean.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- MIONPs treatmente5
- Outcome
- leaf area, and biomass accumulatione5
- Direction
- improvinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e5“However, MIONPs treatment enhanced UV‐B tolerance by improving pigment content, PSII efficiency, Pn , leaf area, and biomass accumulation while reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 levels”
Claim · model-written summary
MIONPs treatment reduced MDA and hydrogen peroxide levels under UV-B in radish and mung bean.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- MIONPs treatmente5
- Outcome
- MDA and H 2 O 2 levelse5
- Direction
- reducinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e5“However, MIONPs treatment enhanced UV‐B tolerance by improving pigment content, PSII efficiency, Pn , leaf area, and biomass accumulation while reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 levels”
Claim · model-written summary
MIONPs-treated plants had more active reaction centers and improved electron transport.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- MIONPse6
- Outcome
- reaction centerse6
- Direction
- more activee6
- Qualifier
- improved electron transporte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e6“MIONPs‐treated plants showed more active reaction centers and improved electron transport”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B stress decreased fluorescence intensity at the IP phase of the OJIP curve in radish and mung bean.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- increasing UV‐B stresse7
- Outcome
- fluorescence intensitye7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Qualifier
- at the IP phasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e7“The OJIP curves differed under UV‐B stress, with increasing UV‐B stress showing decreased fluorescence intensity at the IP phase”
Claim · model-written summary
MIONPs-treated plants showed higher fluorescence intensity specifically at the IP phase.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- MIONPse2
- Outcome
- fluorescence intensitye2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- specifically at the IP phasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e2“However, plants treated with MIONPs showed higher fluorescence intensity specifically at the IP phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Mung bean is more UV-sensitive than radish according to the UV sensitivity index (UV-SI).
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Outcome
- UV sensitivity index (UV‐SI)e0
- Qualifier
- more UV-sensitivee0
- Comparator
- radishe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The UV sensitivity index (UV‐SI) revealed that mung bean is more UV-sensitive than radish”
Claim · model-written summary
MIONPs treatment increased UV-SI values in radish and mung bean, enhancing UV-B tolerance.
- Taxon
- Radish and Mung BeanRaphanus sativusVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- MIONPs treatmente1
- Outcome
- UV‐SI valuese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Radish and Mung Bean Plants”
e1“MIONPs treatment increased UV‐SI values and enhanced the plant tolerance towards UV‐B”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal MIONPs concentration for radish seed vigour was 1500 mg L −1.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- 1500 mg L −1 MIONPse0
- Outcome
- seed vigour indicese0
- Qualifier
- optimal concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Screening of the seed vigour indices identified 1500 mg L −1 MIONPs as the optimal concentration for radish and 100 mg L −1 for mung bean for seed vigour improvement”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal MIONPs concentration for mung bean seed vigour was 100 mg L −1.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- 100 mg L −1e0
- Outcome
- seed vigour indicese0
- Qualifier
- optimal concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Screening of the seed vigour indices identified 1500 mg L −1 MIONPs as the optimal concentration for radish and 100 mg L −1 for mung bean for seed vigour improvement”
The same questions in other papers
uv · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →uv · physiology: pigments · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- no effect
uv · physiology: oxidative · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
uv · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →uv · physiology: oxidative · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
uv · physiology: pigments · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.