Abstract
In the case of direct sowing of rice in Japan, cold stress is a critical constraint affecting seed germination and early seedling development, ultimately reducing crop productivity. We evaluated the effects of priming, with or without iron coating on the germination and vigor of rice seeds harvested in 2022, 2023, and 2024. The assessments were conducted at seven temperature conditions: 13 °C, 15 °C, 17 °C, 19 °C, 21 °C, 23 °C, and 25 °C. Seeds were primed with or without PEG6000; coated with or without a mixture of calcined gypsum and iron powder; and tested for germination percentage, germination speed, and seedling vigor index. Under optimal conditions, iron-coated seeds harvested in 2022 showed a significant increase in germination from 58% (non-coated without priming) to 76% (coated with priming), and the seedling vigor index improved from 615 to 890. Under cold stress (15 °C), the coated seeds of the same year achieved 68% germination with priming compared to 46% in non-coated seeds without priming, with a vigor index increase from 480 to 750. Similar improvements were observed in seeds from 2023 and 2024, although the effect was more prominent in older than younger seeds. These results indicate that iron seed coating in combination with PEG priming mitigates the negative impacts of seed aging and enhances tolerance to cold stress during germination. The technique offers a promising, low-cost approach to improving rice establishment in environments facing suboptimal seed storage and early-season cold temperatures, in particular, aiming for direct sowing methods.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Under optimal conditions, 2022 rice seeds that were iron-coated and primed showed a significant germination increase to 76%, from 58% in non-coated unprimed seeds.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- coated with priminge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 76%e0
- Qualifier
- 58%e0
- Comparator
- non-coated without priminge0
- Setting
- optimal conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“Under optimal conditions, iron-coated seeds harvested in 2022 showed a significant increase in germination from 58% (non-coated without priming) to 76% (coated with priming), and the seedling vigor index improved from 615 to 890”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling vigor index of 2022 rice seeds improved from 615 to 890 with iron coating and priming under optimal conditions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- coated with priminge0
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 890e0
- Qualifier
- 615e0
- Comparator
- non-coated without priminge0
- Setting
- optimal conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“Under optimal conditions, iron-coated seeds harvested in 2022 showed a significant increase in germination from 58% (non-coated without priming) to 76% (coated with priming), and the seedling vigor index improved from 615 to 890”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 °C, coated and primed 2022 rice seeds reached 68% germination versus 46% for non-coated unprimed seeds.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- coated seedse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Qualifier
- 46%e0
- Comparator
- non-coated seeds without priminge0
- Setting
- cold stress (15 °C)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“Under cold stress (15 °C), the coated seeds of the same year achieved 68% germination with priming compared to 46% in non-coated seeds without priming, with a vigor index increase from 480 to 750”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 °C, the vigor index of coated and primed 2022 rice seeds increased from 480 to 750.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- coated seedse0
- Outcome
- vigor indexe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 750e0
- Qualifier
- 480e0
- Comparator
- non-coated seeds without priminge0
- Setting
- cold stress (15 °C)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“Under cold stress (15 °C), the coated seeds of the same year achieved 68% germination with priming compared to 46% in non-coated seeds without priming, with a vigor index increase from 480 to 750”
Claim · model-written summary
Similar improvements were observed in rice seeds harvested in 2023 and 2024.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Similar improvementse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“Similar improvements were observed in seeds from 2023 and 2024”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of coating and priming was more prominent in older than in younger rice seeds.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- more prominente0
- Comparator
- younger seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“the effect was more prominent in older than younger seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that iron seed coating combined with PEG priming mitigates the negative impacts of seed aging in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- iron seed coating in combination with PEG priminge0
- Outcome
- negative impacts of seed aginge0
- Direction
- mitigatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“iron seed coating in combination with PEG priming mitigates the negative impacts of seed aging and enhances tolerance to cold stress during germination”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that iron seed coating combined with PEG priming enhances cold stress tolerance during germination in rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- iron seed coating in combination with PEG priminge0
- Outcome
- tolerance to cold stress during germinatione0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Seeds”
e0“iron seed coating in combination with PEG priming mitigates the negative impacts of seed aging and enhances tolerance to cold stress during germination”
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