Abstract
Nanomaterials derived from essential nutrients such as zinc enable the synthesis of nanocomposite materials and nano-fertilizers, offering broader agricultural applications and improved human nutrition. In this study, thyme leaf extract was used to synthesize biogenic zinc-oxide nanoparticles (BZO-NPs), and their effects on the micro-morphological and biochemical parameters of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were investigated. The synthesized BZO-NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The BZO-NPs exhibited a crystalline spherical structure with sizes ranging from 50 to 100 nm. Different BZO-NP concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1) were applied to basil plants during the vegetative growth stage. The relative growth rate, total chlorophyll content, and relative water content ratio increased at all BZO-NP concentrations except 200 mg L-1, with the highest values observed at 50 mg L-1 BZO-NP. Stomata density decreased at all BZO-NP concentrations except 50 mg L-1 BZO-NP, and stomata sizes also decreased at all BZO-NP concentrations. The number of peltate trichomes increased on both leaf surfaces with higher BZO-NP concentrations, with a more pronounced increase on the upper leaf surface. Changes in peltate trichomes were associated with the presence of three phenolic compounds: caffeic acid, rosmaniric acid, and chlorogenic acid. The treatment of BZO-NP concentrations also influenced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR and APX) in sweet basil. Treatment with BZO-NPs at all concentrations reduced oxidative stress by decreasing hydrogen peroxide levels compared to the control, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content remained unchanged. In conclusion, BZO-NPs, being economically viable and environmentally sustainable, demonstrate significant potential as nano-based nutrient sources for basil cultivation.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
BZO-NPs had a crystalline spherical structure and sizes of 50 to 100 nm.
- Taxon
- Basil
Ocimum basilicumt0 - Outcome
- crystalline spherical structuree0
- Value
- 50 to 100 nme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BZO-NPs exhibited a crystalline spherical structure with sizes ranging from 50 to 100 nm.”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Basil relative growth rate increased at nanoparticle concentrations other than 200 mg L-1.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- BZO-NP concentrationse0
- Outcome
- relative growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except 200 mg L-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative growth rate, total chlorophyll content, and relative water content ratio increased at all BZO-NP concentrations except 200 mg L-1, with the highest values observed at 50 mg L-1 BZO-NP.”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Basil total chlorophyll content increased at nanoparticle concentrations other than 200 mg L-1.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- BZO-NP concentrationse0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except 200 mg L-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative growth rate, total chlorophyll content, and relative water content ratio increased at all BZO-NP concentrations except 200 mg L-1, with the highest values observed at 50 mg L-1 BZO-NP.”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Basil relative water content ratio increased at nanoparticle concentrations other than 200 mg L-1.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- BZO-NP concentrationse0
- Outcome
- relative water content ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except 200 mg L-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relative growth rate, total chlorophyll content, and relative water content ratio increased at all BZO-NP concentrations except 200 mg L-1, with the highest values observed at 50 mg L-1 BZO-NP.”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The three growth and physiology measures had their highest values at 50 mg L-1 BZO-NP.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 50 mg L-1 BZO-NPe0
- Outcome
- highest valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the highest values observed at 50 mg L-1 BZO-NP.”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal density decreased at nanoparticle concentrations other than 50 mg L-1.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- BZO-NP concentrationse0
- Outcome
- Stomata densitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except 50 mg L-1 BZO-NPe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomata density decreased at all BZO-NP concentrations except 50 mg L-1 BZO-NP”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal size decreased at every nanoparticle concentration.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- BZO-NP concentrationse0
- Outcome
- stomata sizese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomata sizes also decreased at all BZO-NP concentrations.”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Peltate trichome numbers rose on both leaf surfaces with greater nanoparticle concentration, especially the upper surface.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Organ / stage
- both leaf surfacese0
- Treatment
- BZO-NP concentrationse0
- Outcome
- number of peltate trichomese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- more pronounced increase on the upper leaf surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of peltate trichomes increased on both leaf surfaces with higher BZO-NP concentrations, with a more pronounced increase on the upper leaf surface.”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Peltate trichome changes were associated with caffeic, rosmaniric and chlorogenic acids.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Compound
- caffeic acid, rosmaniric acid, and chlorogenic acide0
- Outcome
- Changes in peltate trichomese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes in peltate trichomes were associated with the presence of three phenolic compounds: caffeic acid, rosmaniric acid, and chlorogenic acid.”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoparticle concentration treatment influenced basil SOD, CAT, GR and APX activity.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- BZO-NP concentrationse0
- Gene
- SOD, CAT, GR and APXe0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of BZO-NP concentrations also influenced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GR and APX) in sweet basil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Every BZO-NP concentration decreased hydrogen peroxide levels relative to control.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- BZO-NPs at all concentrationse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide levelse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with BZO-NPs at all concentrations reduced oxidative stress by decreasing hydrogen peroxide levels compared to the control”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde content remained unchanged under BZO-NP treatment.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- BZO-NPs at all concentrationse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- unchangede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with BZO-NPs at all concentrations reduced oxidative stress by decreasing hydrogen peroxide levels compared to the control, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content remained unchanged.”
t0“Basil Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors see BZO-NPs as potential nutrient sources for basil cultivation.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- nano-based nutrient sources for basil cultivatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BZO-NPs, being economically viable and environmentally sustainable, demonstrate significant potential as nano-based nutrient sources for basil cultivation.”
The same questions in other papers
nanoparticle · physiology: pigments · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
nanoparticle · growth · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.