Abstract
Plants are commonly exposed to fluctuating illumination under natural light conditions, causing dynamic photosynthesis and further affecting plant growth and productivity. In this context, although the vital role of potassium (K) in steady-state photosynthesis has been well-established, knowledge of the dynamic changes in photosynthesis mediated by K remains scarce. Here, the gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters under steady-state and dynamic photosynthetic responses were quantified in Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings grown under K-deficient (−K, 0.02 mM K) and normal K (+K, 2 mM K) conditions. After a transition from low to high light, the time course–induction curves of the net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm), and maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) showed an obvious decline in the −K treatment. In comparison with the +K treatment, however, there were no statistical differences in the initial A and Vcmax values in P. vulgaris supplied with deficient K, suggesting that the K-deficiency-induced decreases in A and Vcmax were light-dependent. Interestingly, the time to reach 90% of the maximum A, gs, and gm significantly decreased in the −K treatment in comparison with the +K treatment by 27.2%, 45.6%, and 52.9%, respectively, whereas the time to reach 90% of the maximum Vcmax was correspondingly delayed by almost two-fold. The photosynthetic limitation during the induction revealed that the biochemical limitation was the dominating factor that constrained A under the −K conditions, while, under the +K conditions, the main limiting factor changed from biochemical limitation to stomatal limitation over time. Moreover, gm imposed the smallest limitation on A during induction in both K treatments. These results indicate that a decreased K supply decreases the photosynthetic performance under fluctuating light in P. vulgaris and that improving the induction responses of biochemical components (i.e., Vcmax) has the potential to enhance the growth and productivity of crops grown in K-poor soil.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
K deficiency lowered induction curves for A, gs, gm and Vcmax.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- −K treatmente0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm), and maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax)e0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the time course–induction curves of the net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm), and maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) showed an obvious decline in the −K treatment”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial A and Vcmax did not differ statistically under deficient K.
- Taxon
- P. vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- deficient Ke0
- Outcome
- initial A and Vcmax valuese0
- Direction
- no statistical differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no statistical differences in the initial A and Vcmax values in P. vulgaris supplied with deficient K”
Claim · model-written summary
Time to 90% maximum A fell 27.2% under K deficiency.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- −K treatmente0
- Outcome
- time to reach 90% of the maximum Ae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 27.2%e0
- Comparator
- +K treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the time to reach 90% of the maximum A, gs, and gm significantly decreased in the −K treatment in comparison with the +K treatment by 27.2%, 45.6%, and 52.9%, respectively”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Time to 90% maximum gs fell 45.6% under K deficiency.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- −K treatmente0
- Outcome
- time to reach 90% of the maximum A, gs, and gme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 45.6%e0
- Comparator
- +K treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the time to reach 90% of the maximum A, gs, and gm significantly decreased in the −K treatment in comparison with the +K treatment by 27.2%, 45.6%, and 52.9%, respectively”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Time to 90% maximum gm fell 52.9% under K deficiency.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- −K treatmente0
- Outcome
- time to reach 90% of the maximum A, gs, and gme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 52.9%e0
- Comparator
- +K treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the time to reach 90% of the maximum A, gs, and gm significantly decreased in the −K treatment in comparison with the +K treatment by 27.2%, 45.6%, and 52.9%, respectively”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Time to 90% maximum Vcmax was delayed almost twofold.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- time to reach 90% of the maximum Vcmaxe0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- almost two-folde0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the time to reach 90% of the maximum Vcmax was correspondingly delayed by almost two-fold”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochemical limitation dominated A under deficient K.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- −K conditionse0
- Outcome
- biochemical limitation was the dominating factor that constrained Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the biochemical limitation was the dominating factor that constrained A under the −K conditions”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under normal K, the main limitation changed from biochemical to stomatal over time.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- +K conditionse0
- Outcome
- main limiting factor changed from biochemical limitation to stomatal limitatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under the +K conditions, the main limiting factor changed from biochemical limitation to stomatal limitation over time”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesophyll conductance imposed the smallest limitation under both K conditions.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- both K treatmentse0
- Outcome
- smallest limitation on Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gm imposed the smallest limitation on A during induction in both K treatments”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced K supply lowered photosynthetic performance under fluctuating light.
- Taxon
- P. vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- decreased K supplye0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performancee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a decreased K supply decreases the photosynthetic performance under fluctuating light in P. vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Improving biochemical induction may enhance crop growth and productivity in K-poor soil.
Verbatim
e0“improving the induction responses of biochemical components (i.e., Vcmax) has the potential to enhance the growth and productivity of crops grown in K-poor soil”
The same questions in other papers
potassium · physiology: photosynthesis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.