Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a plant of high economic and practical importance valued for its fiber and oil, which have diverse applications in industries such as textiles, food, pharmaceuticals, and construction. Fungal pathogens of the genus Fusarium, however, pose one of the most serious threats to flax cultivation. They are responsible for a number of disease manifestations, notably Fusarium wilt and root rot. In the case of fusariosis, there is a lack of plant protection products, and often the only effective approach is to use resistant flax cultivars or to discontinue cultivation for several years. Currently, much attention is paid to biological methods of plant protection, which do not exert a negative influence on the environment or human health and are important for sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of the non-pathogenic endophytic fungal strain Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 in protecting plants against pathogenic fungi. The results showed that pretreatment of flax plants with Fo47 increased resistance of plants to all tested fungi (F. oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani). Fo47 was the most effective for protection against F. culmorum for the Jan flax cultivar and R. solani for the Bukoz cultivar. Pretreatment with Fo47 of flax plants inoculated with F. culmorum caused an increase in the level of secondary metabolites involved in plant resistance (phenolics) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) compared to plants treated only with the pathogenic fungal strain. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed structural changes in the polymers of cell walls. The highest intensities of vibrations characteristic of lignin and pectin were observed for flax treated with Fo47 and infected with F. culmorum, suggesting the highest level of these polymers, higher than in plants treated only with pathogenic fungi. Thus, it can be concluded that application of the non-pathogenic strain strengthened the immune response of flax plants. These results highlight the strong potential of the non-pathogenic strain as a biological control agent, especially for Fusarium infection in flax.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment of flax plants with Fo47 increased resistance to all tested fungi.
- Taxon
- flax plants
Linum usitatissimume1 - Treatment
- pretreatment of flax plants with Fo47e1
- Interactor
- Fusarium culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume1pathogen - Second interactor
- Fo47e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- resistance of plants to all tested fungie1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- all tested fungi (F. oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“The results showed that pretreatment of flax plants with Fo47 increased resistance of plants to all tested fungi (F. oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fo47 was the most effective protection against F. culmorum in the Jan flax cultivar.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume2
- Material
- Jane2
- Treatment
- Fo47e2
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fo47e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protection against F. culmorume2
- Direction
- most effectivee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fo47 was the most effective for protection against F. culmorum for the Jan flax cultivar and R. solani for the Bukoz cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Fo47 was the most effective protection against R. solani in the Bukoz flax cultivar.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume2
- Material
- Bukoze2
- Treatment
- Fo47e2
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie2pathogen - Second interactor
- Fo47e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protectione2
- Direction
- most effectivee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fo47 was the most effective for protection against F. culmorum for the Jan flax cultivar and R. solani for the Bukoz cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with Fo47 increased phenolics in flax inoculated with F. culmorum, compared with plants treated only with the pathogen.
- Taxon
- flax plantsLinum usitatissimume3
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with Fo47e3
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume3pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fo47e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- level of secondary metabolites involved in plant resistance (phenolics)e3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Comparator
- plants treated only with the pathogenic fungal straine3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Pretreatment with Fo47 of flax plants inoculated with F. culmorum caused an increase in the level of secondary metabolites involved in plant resistance (phenolics) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) compared to plants treated only with the pathogenic fungal strain”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with Fo47 increased photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) in flax inoculated with F. culmorum, compared with plants treated only with the pathogen.
- Taxon
- flax plantsLinum usitatissimume3
- Treatment
- Pretreatment with Fo47e3
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume3pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fo47e3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b)e3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Comparator
- plants treated only with the pathogenic fungal straine3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Pretreatment with Fo47 of flax plants inoculated with F. culmorum caused an increase in the level of secondary metabolites involved in plant resistance (phenolics) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) compared to plants treated only with the pathogenic fungal strain”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed structural changes in the cell wall polymers of flax.
- Taxon
- FlaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Organ / stage
- cell wallse4
- Outcome
- structural changes in the polymers of cell wallse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a plant of high economic and practical importance”
e4“Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed structural changes in the polymers of cell walls”
Claim · model-written summary
Flax treated with Fo47 and infected with F. culmorum showed the highest lignin and pectin vibration intensities, higher than in plants treated only with pathogenic fungi.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume5
- Treatment
- treated with Fo47 and infected with F. culmorume5
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume5pathogen
- Second interactor
- Fo47e5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- intensities of vibrations characteristic of lignin and pectine5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Comparator
- plants treated only with pathogenic fungie5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The highest intensities of vibrations characteristic of lignin and pectin were observed for flax treated with Fo47 and infected with F. culmorum, suggesting the highest level of these polymers, higher than in plants treated only with pathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of the non-pathogenic strain is concluded to strengthen the immune response of flax plants.
- Taxon
- flax plantsLinum usitatissimume6
- Treatment
- application of the non-pathogenic straine6
- Outcome
- immune response of flax plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Thus, it can be concluded that application of the non-pathogenic strain strengthened the immune response of flax plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The non-pathogenic strain has strong potential as a biological control agent against Fusarium infection in flax.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume7
- Outcome
- strong potential of the non-pathogenic strain as a biological control agente7
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“These results highlight the strong potential of the non-pathogenic strain as a biological control agent, especially for Fusarium infection in flax”
The same questions in other papers
infection · molecular: metabolites · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.