Abstract
To address challenges in hybrid rice seed production—specifically labor dependence, low uniformity of pollen distribution, and low operational efficiency—which collectively drive up large-scale production costs, technological innovations are critical. However, despite the demonstrated potential of UAV-assisted pollination, the quantitative relationships between its operational parameters (altitude, speed, flight patterns) and pollen dispersal dynamics remain poorly understood, impeding standardization efforts. In this study, guided by agronomic pollination requirements, we developed an integrated analytical framework linking “pollen density-yield” dynamics to elucidate the governing mechanisms of flight parameters on pollination quality. A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination. The results also showed that the cost-effectiveness ratio of UAV-assisted pollination was 28.11% lower than that of artificial operation. The results indicate that UAVs have great application prospects in hybrid rice pollination.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Flight parameters significantly affected hybrid-rice pollination quality.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
A flight altitude of 4 m and speed of 3 m/s gave the best pollination quality.
- Taxon
- hybrid rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/se0
- Outcome
- pollination qualitye0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At the best UAV parameters, Changtian You 405 yielded 2.64 t/hm2.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Changtian You 405e1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- 2.64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At the best UAV parameters, Wanxiang You 377 yielded 3.15 t/hm2.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Wanxiang You 377e1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- 3.15 t/hm2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV-assisted pollination averaged 2.10 t/hm2 yield for Changtian You 405.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Changtian You 405e1
- Treatment
- UAV-assisted pollinatione0
- Outcome
- average yieldse0
- Value
- 2.10e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV-assisted pollination averaged 2.61 t/hm2 yield for Wanxiang You 377.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Wanxiang You 377e1
- Treatment
- UAV-assisted pollinatione0
- Outcome
- average yieldse0
- Value
- 2.61 t/hm2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV-assisted pollination yielded 15.76% filled grain for Changtian You 405.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Changtian You 405e1
- Outcome
- filled grain percentagese0
- Value
- 15.76%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV-assisted pollination yielded 34.2% filled grain for Wanxiang You 377.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Wanxiang You 377e1
- Outcome
- filled grain percentagese0
- Value
- 34.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV pollination raised yield of Changtian You 405 by 21.4% over artificial pollination.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Changtian You 405e1
- Treatment
- UAV-assisted pollinatione1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.4%e0
- Comparator
- artificial pollinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV pollination raised yield of Wanxiang You 377 by 11.06% over artificial pollination.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Wanxiang You 377e1
- Treatment
- UAV-assisted pollinatione1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.06%e0
- Comparator
- artificial pollinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV pollination raised filled grain percentage of Changtian You 405 by 8.69% over artificial pollination.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Changtian You 405e1
- Treatment
- UAV-assisted pollinatione1
- Outcome
- filled grain percentagese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.69%e0
- Comparator
- artificial pollinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV pollination raised filled grain percentage of Wanxiang You 377 by 3.95% over artificial pollination.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Wanxiang You 377e1
- Treatment
- UAV-assisted pollinatione1
- Outcome
- filled grain percentagese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.95%e0
- Comparator
- artificial pollinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination”
e1“A DJI T50 UAV was used to carry out the assisted pollination test on two varieties of hybrid rice, Changtian You 405 and Wanxiang You 377, to explore the effects of different flight speeds, altitudes, and trajectories of the UAV on pollination quality and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio, taking the yield and its composition as the evaluation indexes. The experimental results showed that the UAV flight operation parameters had a significant effect on the pollination quality, and the best pollination quality was obtained when the flight altitude was 4 m and the speed was 3 m/s, achieving yields of 2.64 and 3.15 t/hm2; the average yields of the UAV-assisted pollination were 2.10 and 2.61 t/hm2, and the filled grain percentages were 15.76% and 34.2%, respectively. These increased the yields by 21.4% and 11.06%, respectively, and the filled grain percentages by 8.69% and 3.95%, compared with artificial pollination.”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
UAV-assisted pollination had a 28.11% lower cost-effectiveness ratio than artificial operation.
- Taxon
- hybrid riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- UAV-assisted pollinatione0
- Outcome
- cost-effectiveness ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 28.11%e0
- Comparator
- artificial operatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cost-effectiveness ratio of UAV-assisted pollination was 28.11% lower than that of artificial operation”
t0“Hybrid Rice”
The same questions in other papers
pollination · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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