Abstract
SUMMARY In plants, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) is one of the key enzymes in AsA generation during the AsA‐GSH cycle, which helps maintain the normal metabolic level of AsA. However, the molecular mechanism of DHAR's response to salt stress is still unknown. Our experiments show a ping‐pong mechanism, in which DHA is combined with free reductase DHAR, and free reductase DHAR is combined with GSH in the form of sulfenylation to promote AsA generation in response to salt stress. This mechanism is inhibited by H 2 O 2 ‐mediated sulfenylation modification. The overexpression of PbDHAR3 in pear callus and Arabidopsis plants alleviated salt‐induced damage, while its silencing decreased salt tolerance in Pyrus betulaefolia . PbNAC3 can activate the expression of PbDHAR3 by directly binding to the promoter. The overexpression of PbNAC3 in pear callus improved salt tolerance, while silencing it reduced tolerance in P. betulaefolia. Overexpression of PbNAC3 in Arabidopsis plants is able to adjust the trade‐off between plant growth and salt stress. Higher expression levels of NCEDs or PYLs , and higher ABA content were observed under salt treatment. Further experiments demonstrate that PbNAC3 activates PbNCED5 through interaction with cis ‐regulatory elements. Overall, our results show that PbNAC3 plays a critical role in salt stress response by targeting the promoters of PbDHAR3 and PbNCED5 , promoting AsA generation and ABA biosynthesis. This study will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the trade‐offs between plant growth and stress tolerance and assist the development of stress‐resistant, high‐yield crops.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
DHAR follows a ping-pong reaction involving DHA and GSH to promote AsA generation under salt stress.
- Taxon
- pear
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- DHARe0
- Outcome
- AsA generatione0
- Qualifier
- ping‐pong mechanisme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Our experiments show a ping‐pong mechanism, in which DHA is combined with free reductase DHAR, and free reductase DHAR is combined with GSH in the form of sulfenylation to promote AsA generation in response to salt stress.”
t0“pear”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2-mediated sulfenylation inhibits the reported DHAR mechanism.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Outcome
- mechanisme0
- Qualifier
- H 2 O 2 ‐mediated sulfenylation modificatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This mechanism is inhibited by H 2 O 2 ‐mediated sulfenylation modification.”
t0“pear”
Claim · model-written summary
PbDHAR3 overexpression alleviated salt-induced damage in pear callus and Arabidopsis plants.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise0
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- overexpression of PbDHAR3e0
- Gene
- PbDHAR3e0
- Outcome
- salt‐induced damagee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overexpression of PbDHAR3 in pear callus and Arabidopsis plants alleviated salt‐induced damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing PbDHAR3 decreased salt tolerance in Pyrus betulaefolia.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“its silencing decreased salt tolerance in Pyrus betulaefolia”
t0“PbNAC3”
Claim · model-written summary
PbNAC3 activates PbDHAR3 expression by direct promoter binding.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Gene
- PbNAC3e0
- Outcome
- expression of PbDHAR3e0
- Qualifier
- directly binding to the promotere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PbNAC3 can activate the expression of PbDHAR3 by directly binding to the promoter.”
t0“pear”
Claim · model-written summary
PbNAC3 overexpression improved salt tolerance in pear callus.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communise0
- Organ / stage
- calluse0
- Treatment
- overexpression of PbNAC3e0
- Gene
- PbNAC3e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overexpression of PbNAC3 in pear callus improved salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
PbNAC3 silencing reduced salt tolerance in P. betulaefolia.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silencing it reduced tolerance in P. betulaefolia”
Claim · model-written summary
PbNAC3 overexpression adjusted the growth–salt stress trade-off in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Overexpression of PbNAC3e0
- Gene
- PbNAC3e0
- Outcome
- trade‐off between plant growth and salt stresse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of PbNAC3 in Arabidopsis plants is able to adjust the trade‐off between plant growth and salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
NCED and PYL expression levels were higher under salt treatment.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- expression levels of NCEDs or PYLse0
- Direction
- Highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher expression levels of NCEDs or PYLs , and higher ABA content were observed under salt treatment.”
t0“pear”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA content was higher under salt treatment.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- ABA contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher ABA content were observed under salt treatment”
t0“pear”
Claim · model-written summary
PbNAC3 activates PbNCED5 through cis-regulatory element interaction.
- Taxon
- pearPyrus communist0
- Gene
- PbNAC3e0
- Outcome
- PbNCED5e0
- Qualifier
- interaction with cis ‐regulatory elementse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PbNAC3 activates PbNCED5 through interaction with cis ‐regulatory elements.”
t0“pear”