Abstract
Wheat yield gap in Ethiopia is high due to low nutrient availability, soil heterogeneity, undulating landscape, and climate. A study was conducted to identify yield-limiting nutrients for wheat yield under varying landscape positions and rainfall regimes. The treatments included all nutrients in blended (All-Blend), compound (All-Comp), and individual (All-Ind) forms containing N, P, K, S, Zn, and B, while K, S, Zn, and B omitted treatments were (All-Blend)-K, (All-Blend)-S, (All-Blend)-Zn, and (All-Blend)-B. Besides, NP only, 50 and 150% of the rate of all nutrients in the blended form (All-Blend), and a control without any nutrients were included. Results showed that the highest yield was obtained from the application of 150% of All-Blend across landscape positions and rainfall regimes, with grain yield improvement of 109.5% (2.54 t ha−1) by applying 150% of All-Blend under the foot slope position and high rainfall regime compared to the control and yield improvement of 72.5% under the low rainfall regime. With the control treatment grain yield was lower by 27–70% across landscape positions and rainfall regimes. The grain yield penalties due to K, S, Zn, and B omission were 0.54–9% over landscape positions and rainfall regimes compared to applying All-Blend, implying that the omission of K, S, Zn, and B were not yield-limiting nutrients for wheat production in the study areas. Thus, it will be crucial to consider landscape strata and rainfall regimes to optimize NP rates. Further study is also suggested as nutrient applications in blended, compound, or individual forms are inadequate to conclude.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 150% of All-Blend gave the highest wheat yield across landscape positions and rainfall regimes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 150% of All-Blende0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- across landscape positions and rainfall regimese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the highest yield was obtained from the application of 150% of All-Blend across landscape positions and rainfall regimes”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under foot slope and high rainfall conditions, 150% All-Blend improved wheat grain yield by 109.5% (2.54 t ha−1) versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150% of All-Blende0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 109.5% (2.54 t ha−1)e0
- Qualifier
- under the foot slope position and high rainfall regimee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with grain yield improvement of 109.5% (2.54 t ha−1) by applying 150% of All-Blend under the foot slope position and high rainfall regime compared to the control”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under low rainfall, wheat yield improved by 72.5% with 150% All-Blend.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150% of All-Blende0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 72.5%e0
- Qualifier
- under the low rainfall regimee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by applying 150% of All-Blend under the foot slope position and high rainfall regime compared to the control and yield improvement of 72.5% under the low rainfall regime.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Control wheat grain yield was 27–70% lower across landscape positions and rainfall regimes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- control treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 27–70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the control treatment grain yield was lower by 27–70% across landscape positions and rainfall regimes.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
K omission caused wheat grain yield penalties within the reported 0.54–9% range versus All-Blend.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- penaltiese0
- Value
- 0.54–9%e0
- Qualifier
- over landscape positions and rainfall regimese0
- Comparator
- All-Blende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield penalties due to K, S, Zn, and B omission were 0.54–9% over landscape positions and rainfall regimes compared to applying All-Blend”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
S omission caused wheat grain yield penalties within the reported 0.54–9% range versus All-Blend.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Se0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- penaltiese0
- Value
- 0.54–9%e0
- Comparator
- All-Blende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield penalties due to K, S, Zn, and B omission were 0.54–9% over landscape positions and rainfall regimes compared to applying All-Blend”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn omission caused wheat grain yield penalties within the reported 0.54–9% range versus All-Blend.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- penaltiese0
- Value
- 0.54–9%e0
- Comparator
- All-Blende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield penalties due to K, S, Zn, and B omission were 0.54–9% over landscape positions and rainfall regimes compared to applying All-Blend”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
B omission caused wheat grain yield penalties within the reported 0.54–9% range versus All-Blend.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- penaltiese0
- Value
- 0.54–9%e0
- Comparator
- All-Blende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield penalties due to K, S, Zn, and B omission were 0.54–9% over landscape positions and rainfall regimes compared to applying All-Blend”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret K, S, Zn and B as not yield-limiting for wheat in the study areas.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- not yield-limiting nutrientse0
- Qualifier
- K, S, Zn, and Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“implying that the omission of K, S, Zn, and B were not yield-limiting nutrients for wheat production in the study areas.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend considering landscape strata and rainfall regimes to optimize wheat NP rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- consider landscape strata and rainfall regimes to optimize NP ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, it will be crucial to consider landscape strata and rainfall regimes to optimize NP rates.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Further study of nutrient application forms is recommended because the evidence is inadequate to conclude.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Further studye0
- Qualifier
- nutrient applications in blended, compound, or individual forms are inadequate to concludee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further study is also suggested as nutrient applications in blended, compound, or individual forms are inadequate to conclude.”
t0“wheat”
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