Abstract
In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, low temperatures (LT) became one of the main disasters restricting wheat production. LT has negative effects on wheat growth and yield formation, especially at booting stage. Exogenous spraying of 6-benzylamino adenine (6-BA) after LT at booting stage can alleviate the damage caused by LT in wheat, but the related molecular regulation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, transcriptome sequencing technology was used to analyze the molecular mechanism of 6-BA improving cold tolerance in wheat. The LT sensitive variety Wanmai 52 and insensitive variety Yannong 19 were selected as the experimental materials. The experiment was carried out in combination of potted and field planting. Two wheat cultivars were planted in plastic pots at a planting density of ten plants per pot. At booting stage, the pots were moved into an artificial climate chamber for low temperature treatment. At the end of the treatment, 20 mg L-1 6-BA solution was sprayed, and an equal volume of distilled water was sprayed as the control. The morphology of young spike, and the content of soluble sugar and starch in young spikes were determined. Some candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and their relative expression patterns were analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the results were verified by qRT-PCR. After 10 days, compared with the control, the morphological development of young spike was better, fuller and longer. The contents of soluble sugar and starch in young spikes increased after 6-BA treatment. The results showed that 22,770 DEGs were identified in Wanmai 52 and 9866 in Yannong 19, respectively, and 661 genes were up-regulated in the two cultivars. ARF5, AGPL1, 1-SST, SWEET15, and other genes were screened out, which were related to the regulation of plant hormone level, starch synthesis, and sugar metabolism. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on the selected differential genes. GO annotation revealed that the functions of the differential genes of the two varieties were mainly concentrated in cell structure stability, metabolism, and catalytic activity. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that signal transduction, regulation of endogenous hormone levels, carbon metabolism, the changes of membrane structure and function had significant changes. In conclusion, 6-BA could alleviate cold damage by regulating the metabolism of antioxidant substances, hormone signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, osmotic adjustment, and other ways in wheat. The results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the cultivation measures to reduce the damage of low temperature on wheat in spring.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
After low-temperature treatment, 6-BA spraying made wheat young spike morphological development better, fuller and longer than the control after 10 days.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 6-BAe2
- Outcome
- morphological development of young spikee1
- Direction
- better, fuller and longere1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“After 10 days, compared with the control, the morphological development of young spike was better, fuller and longer”
e2“20 mg L-1 6-BA solution was sprayed”
t0“young spike development of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugar and starch contents in young spikes increased after 6-BA treatment compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- young spikese1
- Treatment
- 6-BA treatmente1
- Outcome
- contents of soluble sugar and starche1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The contents of soluble sugar and starch in young spikes increased after 6-BA treatment”
e2“compared with the control”
t0“young spike development of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In the sensitive cultivar Wanmai 52, 22,770 differentially expressed genes were identified.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Wanmai 52e1
- Outcome
- DEGse1
- Value
- 22,770e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“22,770 DEGs were identified in Wanmai 52 and 9866 in Yannong 19, respectively”
t0“young spike development of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In the insensitive cultivar Yannong 19, 9866 differentially expressed genes were identified.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Yannong 19e1
- Outcome
- DEGse1
- Value
- 9866e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“22,770 DEGs were identified in Wanmai 52 and 9866 in Yannong 19, respectively”
t0“young spike development of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 661 genes were up-regulated in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- genes were up-regulatede1
- Value
- 661e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“661 genes were up-regulated in the two cultivars”
t0“young spike development of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ARF5, AGPL1, 1-SST, SWEET15 and other screened genes were related to regulation of plant hormone level, starch synthesis and sugar metabolism.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- ARF5, AGPL1, 1-SST, SWEET15e1
- Outcome
- regulation of plant hormone level, starch synthesis, and sugar metabolisme1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“ARF5, AGPL1, 1-SST, SWEET15, and other genes were screened out, which were related to the regulation of plant hormone level, starch synthesis, and sugar metabolism”
t0“young spike development of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
GO annotation showed the differential genes of the two varieties were mainly concentrated in cell structure stability, metabolism and catalytic activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- functions of the differential genese1
- Qualifier
- cell structure stability, metabolism, and catalytic activitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the functions of the differential genes of the two varieties were mainly concentrated in cell structure stability, metabolism, and catalytic activity”
t0“young spike development of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
KEGG enrichment showed significant changes in signal transduction, regulation of endogenous hormone levels, carbon metabolism, and membrane structure and function.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- signal transduction, regulation of endogenous hormone levels, carbon metabolisme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“signal transduction, regulation of endogenous hormone levels, carbon metabolism, the changes of membrane structure and function had significant changes”
t0“young spike development of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that 6-BA could alleviate cold damage in wheat by regulating antioxidant metabolism, hormone signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, osmotic adjustment and other ways.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 6-BAe1
- Outcome
- cold damagee1
- Qualifier
- regulating the metabolism of antioxidant substances, hormone signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, osmotic adjustmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“6-BA could alleviate cold damage by regulating the metabolism of antioxidant substances, hormone signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, osmotic adjustment, and other ways in wheat”
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