Abstract
Small-grain producers in the southern Pannonian Plain prefer winter barley production in poor soils and drought-prone areas, assuming higher resource use efficiency in barley than in wheat. Similarly, triticale is known to perform well in low-fertility soils and dry environments. However, information about the comparative performance of these crops within the same trials is less available for the Pannonian environment. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency traits of winter wheat, triticale, and two-rowed and six-rowed barley cultivars across different N applications in different growing seasons and locations in the Pannonian Plain. The study was conducted over two seasons at three locations (Novi Sad, Sremska Mitrovica, and Sombor) using a split-plot design. Treatments consisted of winter wheat, triticale, and two-rowed and six-rowed barley under three nitrogen fertilization levels of low, moderate, and high. Averaged across species, the reduction in grain yield in 0 N compared to 100 N was 1218 kg ha−1 (15.7%) in wheat, 1037 kg ha−1 (11.6%) in triticale, 1128 kg ha−1 (13.7) in two-rowed barley, and 1340 kg ha−1 (17.1%) in six-rowed barley. Grain yield was closely related to nitrogen uptake, showing a relationship (R2) from 0.652 in triticale to 0.956 in six-rowed barley. Nitrogen use efficiency showed a positive relationship with nitrogen uptake efficiency, while the relationship with nitrogen utilization efficiency was insignificant. There was a notable difference between crops in terms of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency traits. Notably, two-rowed barley outperformed wheat in terms of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, while wheat outperformed six-rowed barley. Triticale showed the highest yield among all the studied cereal crops, attributed to increased nitrogen use efficiency and uptake, especially under low fertilization conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of wheat was reduced by 1218 kg ha−1 (15.7%) at 0 N compared with 100 N, averaged across species.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 0 Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 1218 kg ha−1 (15.7%)e0
- Comparator
- 100 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction in grain yield in 0 N compared to 100 N was 1218 kg ha−1 (15.7%) in wheat, 1037 kg ha−1 (11.6%) in triticale, 1128 kg ha−1 (13.7) in two-rowed barley, and 1340 kg ha−1 (17.1%) in six-rowed barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of triticale was reduced by 1037 kg ha−1 (11.6%) at 0 N compared with 100 N, averaged across species.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalee0 - Treatment
- 0 Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 1037 kg ha−1 (11.6%)e0
- Comparator
- 100 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction in grain yield in 0 N compared to 100 N was 1218 kg ha−1 (15.7%) in wheat, 1037 kg ha−1 (11.6%) in triticale, 1128 kg ha−1 (13.7) in two-rowed barley, and 1340 kg ha−1 (17.1%) in six-rowed barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of two-rowed barley was reduced by 1128 kg ha−1 (13.7) at 0 N compared with 100 N, averaged across species.
- Taxon
- two-rowed barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgaree0 - Treatment
- 0 Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 1128 kg ha−1 (13.7)e0
- Comparator
- 100 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the reduction in grain yield in 0 N compared to 100 N was 1218 kg ha−1 (15.7%) in wheat, 1037 kg ha−1 (11.6%) in triticale, 1128 kg ha−1 (13.7) in two-rowed barley, and 1340 kg ha−1 (17.1%) in six-rowed barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of six-rowed barley was reduced by 1340 kg ha−1 (17.1%) at 0 N compared with 100 N, averaged across species.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction in grain yield in 0 N compared to 100 N was 1218 kg ha−1 (15.7%) in wheat, 1037 kg ha−1 (11.6%) in triticale, 1128 kg ha−1 (13.7) in two-rowed barley, and 1340 kg ha−1 (17.1%) in six-rowed barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of triticale was closely related to nitrogen uptake, with R2 of 0.652.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Compound
- nitrogen uptakee0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Value
- 0.652e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was closely related to nitrogen uptake, showing a relationship (R2) from 0.652 in triticale to 0.956 in six-rowed barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of six-rowed barley was closely related to nitrogen uptake, with R2 of 0.956.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was closely related to nitrogen uptake, showing a relationship (R2) from 0.652 in triticale to 0.956 in six-rowed barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen use efficiency showed a positive relationship with nitrogen uptake efficiency.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen use efficiency showed a positive relationship with nitrogen uptake efficiency, while the relationship with nitrogen utilization efficiency was insignificant”
Claim · model-written summary
The relationship of nitrogen use efficiency with nitrogen utilization efficiency was insignificant.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen use efficiency showed a positive relationship with nitrogen uptake efficiency, while the relationship with nitrogen utilization efficiency was insignificant”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-rowed barley outperformed wheat in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- two-rowed barleyHordeum vulgare subsp. vulgaree0
- Outcome
- grain yield and nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two-rowed barley outperformed wheat in terms of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, while wheat outperformed six-rowed barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat outperformed six-rowed barley.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat outperformed six-rowed barleye0
- Direction
- outperformede0
- Comparator
- six-rowed barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two-rowed barley outperformed wheat in terms of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency, while wheat outperformed six-rowed barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Triticale showed the highest yield among all the studied cereal crops.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- highest yielde0
- Comparator
- all the studied cereal cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticale showed the highest yield among all the studied cereal crops, attributed to increased nitrogen use efficiency and uptake, especially under low fertilization conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield of triticale is attributed to increased nitrogen use efficiency and uptake, especially under low fertilization conditions.
- Taxon
- Triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- highest yielde0
- Qualifier
- increased nitrogen use efficiency and uptake, especially under low fertilization conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticale showed the highest yield among all the studied cereal crops, attributed to increased nitrogen use efficiency and uptake, especially under low fertilization conditions”