Abstract
Producing tomatoes using combinations of bio-based fertilizers (BBFs) with either fertilizing (large availability of nutrients, eg. human urine) and amendment value (potential contribution to soil organic carbon stocks, eg. composts) can contribute to increase both yield and soil organic carbon. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of combining BBFs of fertilizing and amending properties on cherry tomato productivity and trace element uptake. The treatments included combinations of either green or food waste compost with either food waste digestate or human urine or synthetic fertilizer; manure and synthetic fertilizer; commercial organic fertilizer (COF); synthetic fertilizer only (SF), and a treatment without any application. Overall, the fertilization application rate was 100 mg kg −1 dry soil (equivalent to 200 kg mineral N ha −1 ). BBF treatments resulted in similar tomato fresh yield, number of fruits, and average fruit weight per plant compared to the SF and COF treatments. All fertilized treatments exceeded the unfertilized treatment, increasing yield by 113–129 %, number of fruits by 68–90 %, and average fruit weight by 24–31 %. The trace element contents in tomato fruits were all below the threshold set by the European Commission and did not differ significantly among treatments, except for cadmium, which had higher values in the SF treatment. The use of BBFs also increased the soluble solids content of tomatoes. Overall, BBFs did not negatively impact the productivity and quality of tomatoes and suggest that combined application of BBFs can be considered for tomato production without adverse effects. • Composts can be combined with human urine or digestate for tomato production. • Tomato quality is not altered by composts with human urine or food waste digestate. • Soluble solid content in tomato fruits increased with the use of BBFs.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-based fertilizers produced similar fresh tomato yield, fruit counts and mean fruit weight to synthetic and commercial organic fertilizers.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- BBF treatmentse0
- Outcome
- tomato fresh yield, number of fruits, and average fruit weight per plante0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- SF and COF treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BBF treatments resulted in similar tomato fresh yield, number of fruits, and average fruit weight per plant compared to the SF and COF treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilized treatments increased tomato yield by 113–129% against unfertilized plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- All fertilized treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 113–129 %e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All fertilized treatments exceeded the unfertilized treatment, increasing yield by 113–129 %, number of fruits by 68–90 %, and average fruit weight by 24–31 %”
e1“tomato fresh yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilized treatments increased tomato fruit number by 68–90%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- All fertilized treatmentse0
- Outcome
- number of fruitse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 68–90 %e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All fertilized treatments exceeded the unfertilized treatment, increasing yield by 113–129 %, number of fruits by 68–90 %, and average fruit weight by 24–31 %”
e1“tomato fresh yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilized treatments increased average tomato fruit weight by 24–31%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- All fertilized treatmentse0
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 24–31 %e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All fertilized treatments exceeded the unfertilized treatment, increasing yield by 113–129 %, number of fruits by 68–90 %, and average fruit weight by 24–31 %”
e1“tomato fresh yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fruit trace element contents were below European Commission thresholds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- trace element contentse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Comparator
- threshold set by the European Commissione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trace element contents in tomato fruits were all below the threshold set by the European Commission”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato fruit trace element contents did not significantly differ among treatments apart from cadmium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- trace element contentse0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Qualifier
- except for cadmiume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trace element contents in tomato fruits were all below the threshold set by the European Commission and did not differ significantly among treatments, except for cadmium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium content was higher with synthetic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- SF treatmente0
- Outcome
- cadmiume0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for cadmium, which had higher values in the SF treatment”
e1“trace element contents in tomato fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-based fertilizers increased tomato soluble solids content.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- BBFse0
- Outcome
- soluble solids contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of BBFs also increased the soluble solids content of tomatoes”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend combined bio-based fertilizer use for tomato production without adverse effects.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- combined application of BBFs can be considered for tomato production without adverse effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of BBFs can be considered for tomato production without adverse effects”
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