Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful biotechnological tool widely utilized for large-scale propagation and genetic transformation. Morphogenic genes like BABY BOOM (BBM) and WUSCHEL (WUS) play crucial roles in SE and are extensively applied to improve SE-based genetic transformation. However, the transcriptome profiling and key regulatory factors of SE in the woody magnoliid Liriodendron hybrid remain unclear. Here, we depicted the time-series transcriptome profiling of SE in Liriodendron hybrid, highlighting the temporal significance of morphogenic genes like BBM in embryogenic callus and developing somatic embryos. Expression patterns were validated using qRT-PCR and transgenic lines expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) and red fluorescent protein mCherry driven by the LhBBM promoter. Overexpression of LhBBM, both constitutive (CaMV 35S promoter) and SE-specific (Liriodendron WOX9 promoter), enhanced SE and embryonic callus induction. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of LhBBM reduces SE efficiency without compromising callus induction. Furthermore, we developed a secondary callus induction method that minimized the heterogeneity of a transgenic callus line, confirming the sufficiency and necessity of LhBBM in SE. Notably, LhBBM significantly improved genetic transformation efficiency in Liriodendron. These findings establish LhBBM as a promising target for enhancing SE capacity and SE-based transformation efficiency, particularly in forest trees.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Time-series profiling highlighted the timing of morphogenic genes including BBM in embryogenic callus and somatic embryos.
Verbatim
e0“time-series transcriptome profiling of SE in Liriodendron hybrid, highlighting the temporal significance of morphogenic genes like BBM in embryogenic callus and developing somatic embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive LhBBM overexpression enhanced somatic embryogenesis and embryonic callus induction.
- Taxon
- Liriodendron
Liriodendront0 - Treatment
- constitutive (CaMV 35S promoter)e0
- Gene
- LhBBMe0
- Outcome
- SE and embryonic callus inductione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Liriodendron”
e0“Overexpression of LhBBM, both constitutive (CaMV 35S promoter) and SE-specific (Liriodendron WOX9 promoter), enhanced SE and embryonic callus induction”
Claim · model-written summary
SE-specific LhBBM overexpression enhanced somatic embryogenesis and embryonic callus induction.
- Taxon
- LiriodendronLiriodendront0
- Treatment
- SE-specific (Liriodendron WOX9 promoter)e0
- Gene
- LhBBMe0
- Outcome
- SE and embryonic callus inductione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Liriodendron”
e0“Overexpression of LhBBM, both constitutive (CaMV 35S promoter) and SE-specific (Liriodendron WOX9 promoter), enhanced SE and embryonic callus induction”
Claim · model-written summary
LhBBM knockout reduced somatic embryogenesis efficiency.
- Taxon
- LiriodendronLiriodendront0
- Treatment
- CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of LhBBMe0
- Gene
- LhBBMe0
- Outcome
- SE efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Liriodendron”
e0“CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of LhBBM reduces SE efficiency without compromising callus induction”
Claim · model-written summary
LhBBM knockout did not compromise callus induction.
- Taxon
- LiriodendronLiriodendront0
- Treatment
- CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of LhBBMe0
- Gene
- LhBBMe0
- Outcome
- callus inductione0
- Direction
- without compromisinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Liriodendron”
e0“CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of LhBBM reduces SE efficiency without compromising callus induction”
Claim · model-written summary
A secondary callus induction method minimized heterogeneity in a transgenic callus line.
- Taxon
- LiriodendronLiriodendront0
- Outcome
- heterogeneity of a transgenic callus linee0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Liriodendron”
e0“we developed a secondary callus induction method that minimized the heterogeneity of a transgenic callus line”
Claim · model-written summary
LhBBM significantly improved genetic transformation efficiency in Liriodendron.
- Taxon
- LiriodendronLiriodendrone0
- Treatment
- LhBBMe0
- Gene
- LhBBMe0
- Outcome
- genetic transformation efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LhBBM significantly improved genetic transformation efficiency in Liriodendron”