Abstract
Summary Integrating cover crops and bionematicides presents a sustainable approach to managing plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) in organic vegetable production systems. The integration of sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea (‘Crescent sun’) and sorghum-sudangrass, Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense (‘Sweet Six BMR’) with bionematicides was evaluated in two locations in central (Gulf Coast Research and Educational Centre – GCREC) and south (Fort Lauderdale Research and Educational Centre – FLREC) Florida for the effectiveness of PPN suppression. Field experiments were conducted with establishing cover crops in each location 3 months before planting organic zucchini on plastic beds equipped with a drip application system used to inject three commercial bionematicides (thyme oil, neem oil and azadirachtin) and the broth culture of Xenorhabdus bovienii bacteria associated with Steinernema feltiae . Cover cropping with sunn hemp and sorghum-sudangrass significantly reduced population densities of root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) at GCREC, whereas only sunn hemp reduced the root-knot nematode population at FLREC. Galling severity on zucchini roots caused by Meloidogyne spp. was significantly lower in azadirachtin and neem oil applications integrated with sunn hemp. The impact of integrating cover crops with bionematicides on other PPN, such as Mesocriconema spp., Nanidorus minor and Hoplolaimus spp., varied among the treatments at both locations. Integrating cover crops with bionematicide applications provided additional control options for zucchini, but the efficacy of different bionematicides depended on the nematode species present in the soil and the cover crop species used. These findings underscore the importance of adaptive nematode management, where control strategies are customised to target the specific nematode populations causing economic damage in each field.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sunn hemp cover cropping significantly reduced Meloidogyne density at GCREC.
- Taxon
- organic zucchinit0
- Treatment
- sunn hempe0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pest - Outcome
- population densities of root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- GCRECe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Cover cropping with sunn hemp and sorghum-sudangrass significantly reduced population densities of root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) at GCREC”
t0“organic zucchini”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum-sudangrass cover cropping significantly reduced Meloidogyne density at GCREC.
- Taxon
- organic zucchinit0
- Treatment
- sorghum-sudangrasse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynee0pest
- Outcome
- population densities of root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- GCRECe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cover cropping with sunn hemp and sorghum-sudangrass significantly reduced population densities of root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) at GCREC”
t0“organic zucchini”
Claim · model-written summary
At FLREC only sunn hemp reduced Meloidogyne population.
- Taxon
- organic zucchinit0
- Treatment
- sunn hempe0
- Interactor
- root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee0pest
- Outcome
- root-knot nematode populatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- FLRECe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only sunn hemp reduced the root-knot nematode population at FLREC.”
t0“organic zucchini”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunn hemp plus azadirachtin significantly lowered zucchini root galling by Meloidogyne.
- Taxon
- organic zucchinit0
- Treatment
- azadirachtine0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynee0pest
- Outcome
- Galling severity on zucchini roots caused by Meloidogyne spp.e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- integrated with sunn hempe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Galling severity on zucchini roots caused by Meloidogyne spp. was significantly lower in azadirachtin and neem oil applications integrated with sunn hemp.”
t0“organic zucchini”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunn hemp plus neem oil significantly lowered zucchini root galling by Meloidogyne.
- Taxon
- organic zucchinit0
- Treatment
- neem oile0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynee0pest
- Outcome
- Galling severity on zucchini roots caused by Meloidogyne spp.e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- integrated with sunn hempe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Galling severity on zucchini roots caused by Meloidogyne spp. was significantly lower in azadirachtin and neem oil applications integrated with sunn hemp.”
t0“organic zucchini”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses of Mesocriconema spp. to the cover crop and bionematicide integrations varied by treatment and site.
- Taxon
- organic zucchinit0
- Interactor
- Mesocriconema spp.Mesocriconemae0pest
- Outcome
- impact of integrating cover crops with bionematicides on other PPNe0
- Direction
- variede0
Verbatim
e0“The impact of integrating cover crops with bionematicides on other PPN, such as Mesocriconema spp., Nanidorus minor and Hoplolaimus spp., varied among the treatments at both locations.”
t0“organic zucchini”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses of Nanidorus minor varied by treatment and site.
- Taxon
- organic zucchinit0
- Interactor
- Nanidorus minorParatrichodorus minore0pest
- Outcome
- impact of integrating cover crops with bionematicides on other PPNe0
- Direction
- variede0
Verbatim
e0“The impact of integrating cover crops with bionematicides on other PPN, such as Mesocriconema spp., Nanidorus minor and Hoplolaimus spp., varied among the treatments at both locations.”
t0“organic zucchini”
Claim · model-written summary
Responses of Hoplolaimus spp. varied by treatment and site.
- Taxon
- organic zucchinit0
- Interactor
- Hoplolaimus spp.Hoplolaimuse0pest
- Outcome
- impact of integrating cover crops with bionematicides on other PPNe0
- Direction
- variede0
Verbatim
e0“The impact of integrating cover crops with bionematicides on other PPN, such as Mesocriconema spp., Nanidorus minor and Hoplolaimus spp., varied among the treatments at both locations.”
t0“organic zucchini”
Claim · model-written summary
Bionematicide efficacy depended on nematode and cover crop species.
- Taxon
- organic zucchinit0
- Treatment
- cover crop species usede0
- Outcome
- efficacy of different bionematicidese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the efficacy of different bionematicides depended on the nematode species present in the soil and the cover crop species used.”
t0“organic zucchini”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend tailoring nematode control to damaging populations in each field.
Verbatim
e0“control strategies are customised to target the specific nematode populations causing economic damage in each field.”
t0“organic zucchini”
The same questions in other papers
Crotalaria juncea · Meloidogyne · Cucurbita pepoPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
azadirachtin · Meloidogyne · Cucurbita pepoPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.