Abstract
Grafting is a traditional horticultural practice that enhances plant resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the influence of specific tissues, such as rootstock cotyledons, on graft union formation is not well understood. This study investigates the impact of rootstock cotyledon removal on graft healing in watermelon and its underlying mechanisms. Our results indicate that grafting with rootstock cotyledons (+C) consistently resulted in higher survival rates and better growth outcomes compared to grafting without rootstock cotyledons (-C). This effect was more pronounced in cultivated watermelon rootstocks, which have lower hypocotyl sugar content than wild watermelon rootstocks. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that cotyledon removal disrupted sugar metabolism and affected gene expression related to cell division and tissue development. A fructokinase, ClFRK1, was identified among the candidate genes positively correlated with graft survival rate and healing degree. Silencing ClFRK1 reduced callus proliferation, delayed graft healing and reduced survival rate. Conversely, fructose treatment increased ClFRK1 expression levels at the graft junction, which promoted callus proliferation and vascular reconnection. We propose a novel regulatory model for how ClFRK1 regulates graft union formation. These findings underscore new insights into the interactions and synergistic processes between the graft interface and non-grafted organs during graft union formation and also enrich our understanding of fructokinase.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Retaining rootstock cotyledons improved watermelon graft survival and growth compared with removal.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse1 - Treatment
- grafting with rootstock cotyledons (+C)e0
- Outcome
- survival rates and better growth outcomese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- grafting without rootstock cotyledons (-C)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grafting with rootstock cotyledons (+C) consistently resulted in higher survival rates and better growth outcomes compared to grafting without rootstock cotyledons (-C)”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The cotyledon effect was more pronounced in cultivated than wild watermelon rootstocks.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Material
- cultivated watermelon rootstockse0
- Outcome
- This effecte0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- wild watermelon rootstockse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This effect was more pronounced in cultivated watermelon rootstocks, which have lower hypocotyl sugar content than wild watermelon rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivated watermelon rootstocks had lower hypocotyl sugar content than wild rootstocks.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Material
- cultivated watermelon rootstockse0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotyle0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl sugar contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- wild watermelon rootstockse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivated watermelon rootstocks, which have lower hypocotyl sugar content than wild watermelon rootstocks”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon removal disrupted sugar metabolism.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- cotyledon removale0
- Outcome
- sugar metabolisme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotyledon removal disrupted sugar metabolism and affected gene expression related to cell division and tissue development”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon removal altered expression of genes related to cell division and tissue development.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- cotyledon removale0
- Outcome
- gene expression related to cell division and tissue developmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cotyledon removal disrupted sugar metabolism and affected gene expression related to cell division and tissue development”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
ClFRK1 was positively correlated with graft survival rate and healing degree.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Gene
- ClFRK1e0
- Outcome
- graft survival rate and healing degreee0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ClFRK1, was identified among the candidate genes positively correlated with graft survival rate and healing degree”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ClFRK1 reduced callus proliferation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- Silencing ClFRK1e0
- Gene
- ClFRK1e0
- Outcome
- callus proliferatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing ClFRK1 reduced callus proliferation, delayed graft healing and reduced survival rate”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ClFRK1 delayed graft healing.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- Silencing ClFRK1e0
- Gene
- ClFRK1e0
- Outcome
- graft healinge0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing ClFRK1 reduced callus proliferation, delayed graft healing and reduced survival rate”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing ClFRK1 reduced survival rate.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- Silencing ClFRK1e0
- Gene
- ClFRK1e0
- Outcome
- survival ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silencing ClFRK1 reduced callus proliferation, delayed graft healing and reduced survival rate”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fructose treatment increased ClFRK1 expression at the graft junction.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Organ / stage
- graft junctione0
- Treatment
- fructose treatmente0
- Gene
- ClFRK1e0
- Outcome
- ClFRK1 expression levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fructose treatment increased ClFRK1 expression levels at the graft junction, which promoted callus proliferation and vascular reconnection”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fructose treatment promoted callus proliferation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- fructose treatmente0
- Gene
- ClFRK1e0
- Outcome
- callus proliferatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fructose treatment increased ClFRK1 expression levels at the graft junction, which promoted callus proliferation and vascular reconnection”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fructose treatment promoted vascular reconnection.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- fructose treatmente0
- Gene
- ClFRK1e0
- Outcome
- vascular reconnectione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fructose treatment increased ClFRK1 expression levels at the graft junction, which promoted callus proliferation and vascular reconnection”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose a regulatory model for ClFRK1 in graft union formation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Gene
- ClFRK1e0
- Outcome
- graft union formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We propose a novel regulatory model for how ClFRK1 regulates graft union formation”
e1“graft healing in watermelon”
The same questions in other papers
grafting · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results differ
61 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
65 papers more in this group
See all 69 papers →loss of function · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.