Abstract
Lanthanum (La) is often used in industry and agriculture, leading to its accumulation in natural environments and potential ecological risks. The objective of this study was to examine the effects on the growth, metabolism, and nutrient composition of Brassica rapa exposed to at low (1 µM), medium (1 mM), and high (10 mM) La concentrations. We used chemical analytical, molecular, and metabolomic methods and found that high La exposure induced a hormetic effect, triggering both stimulatory and inhibitory responses. La reduced aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) levels at all concentrations, while medium and high doses also decreased phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe). La accumulation in B. rapa increased with La levels, affecting metabolic processes by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing proline, and reducing total polyphenol content. Flavonoid levels were altered, chlorophyll and carotenoids declined, and non-photochemical quenching increased. Gene expressions related to flavonoid, carotenoid, and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as ion transport, exhibited a dose-dependent modulation. On the contrary, fatty acid composition remained unaffected. Our results indicate that La accumulates in in B. rapa and disrupts the plant metabolism. Despite an evident effect on plant productivity, our results also raise concerns about the potential health risks of consuming La-enriched B. rapa plants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
High lanthanum exposure produced both stimulatory and inhibitory responses in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.
Brassica rapat0 - Treatment
- high La exposuree0
- Outcome
- stimulatory and inhibitory responsese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high La exposure induced a hormetic effect, triggering both stimulatory and inhibitory responses”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
La reduced aluminum (Al) levels in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Lae0
- Outcome
- aluminum (Al)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La reduced aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) levels at all concentrations, while medium and high doses also decreased phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe).”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
La reduced cobalt (Co) levels in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Lae0
- Outcome
- cobalt (Co)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La reduced aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) levels at all concentrations, while medium and high doses also decreased phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe).”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
La reduced nickel (Ni) levels in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Lae0
- Outcome
- nickel (Ni)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La reduced aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) levels at all concentrations, while medium and high doses also decreased phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe).”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
La reduced chromium (Cr) levels in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Lae0
- Outcome
- chromium (Cr)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La reduced aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) levels at all concentrations, while medium and high doses also decreased phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe).”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
medium and high doses reduced phosphorus (P) levels in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- medium and high dosese0
- Outcome
- phosphorus (P)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La reduced aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) levels at all concentrations, while medium and high doses also decreased phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe).”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
medium and high doses reduced iron (Fe) levels in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- medium and high dosese0
- Outcome
- iron (Fe)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La reduced aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) levels at all concentrations, while medium and high doses also decreased phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe).”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum accumulation in Brassica rapa increased with exposure level.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- La levelse0
- Outcome
- La accumulation in B. rapae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La accumulation in B. rapa increased with La levels, affecting metabolic processes by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing proline, and reducing total polyphenol content.”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum exposure changed reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- La levelse0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La accumulation in B. rapa increased with La levels, affecting metabolic processes by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing proline, and reducing total polyphenol content.”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum exposure changed proline in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- La levelse0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La accumulation in B. rapa increased with La levels, affecting metabolic processes by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing proline, and reducing total polyphenol content.”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum exposure changed total polyphenol content in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- La levelse0
- Outcome
- total polyphenol contente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La accumulation in B. rapa increased with La levels, affecting metabolic processes by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing proline, and reducing total polyphenol content.”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum exposure changed Flavonoid levels in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Outcome
- Flavonoid levelse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flavonoid levels were altered, chlorophyll and carotenoids declined, and non-photochemical quenching increased.”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum exposure changed chlorophyll in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flavonoid levels were altered, chlorophyll and carotenoids declined, and non-photochemical quenching increased.”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum exposure changed carotenoids in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flavonoid levels were altered, chlorophyll and carotenoids declined, and non-photochemical quenching increased.”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum exposure changed non-photochemical quenching in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Outcome
- non-photochemical quenchinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flavonoid levels were altered, chlorophyll and carotenoids declined, and non-photochemical quenching increased.”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of genes related to flavonoid, carotenoid and chlorophyll metabolism and ion transport varied with dose.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Treatment
- dose-dependente0
- Outcome
- Gene expressions related to flavonoid, carotenoid, and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as ion transporte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene expressions related to flavonoid, carotenoid, and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as ion transport, exhibited a dose-dependent modulation.”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum exposure left fatty acid composition unaffected.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapa L.Brassica rapat0
- Outcome
- fatty acid compositione0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fatty acid composition remained unaffected”
t0“Brassica rapa L.”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · nutrient: content · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.