Abstract
We present an updated and critically revised list of the vascular flora occurring in the Apuan Alps (Tuscany), a renowned area of high naturalistic interest. The list is based on a literature survey, herbarium and field studies. The Apuan Alps host an established flora of 1,987 specific and subspecific taxa (including 106 naturalized and 24 invasive aliens), 76 casual aliens and 27 hybrid taxa. Three taxa are new for Tuscany: Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. pulchella, Chaenomeles speciosa (casual alien), and Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile, while Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre is excluded from the regional flora; 47 taxa are new for the study area (31 native, 16 alien). Concerning old records, 168 (158 native, four hybrid, and six casual alien taxa) were not confirmed, albeit considered reliable. Moreover, we considered 10 taxa as locally extinct, 44 as doubtfully occurring, and 14 as reported by error. Life forms suggest a transitional situation between a Mediterranean bioclimatic context and a more distinctly subcontinental one. Regarding the chorological spectrum, there is a clear prevalence of species with a distribution centered in the Eurosiberian Region, with a biogeographically relevant component represented by 152 taxa, among which 93 Italian endemics (30 of them narrowly endemic to Apuan Alps). Based on species-area relationship, the number of native taxa exceeds the one expected, while the number of alien taxa is lower than expected. This positions the area as objectively rich in terms of its flora and of high natural value.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
The established flora contains 1,987 specific and subspecific taxa.
Verbatim
e0“The Apuan Alps host an established flora of 1,987 specific and subspecific taxa”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
The established flora includes 106 naturalized aliens.
Verbatim
e0“including 106 naturalized and 24 invasive aliens”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
The established flora includes 24 invasive aliens.
Verbatim
e0“including 106 naturalized and 24 invasive aliens”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
There are 76 casual alien taxa.
Verbatim
e0“76 casual aliens and 27 hybrid taxa”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
There are 27 hybrid taxa.
Verbatim
e0“76 casual aliens and 27 hybrid taxa”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. pulchella is new for Tuscany.
- Taxon
- Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. pulchella
Anthyllis vulnerariae0 - Outcome
- new for Tuscanye0
- Setting
- Tuscanye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three taxa are new for Tuscany: Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. pulchella, Chaenomeles speciosa (casual alien), and Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile”
Claim · model-written summary
Chaenomeles speciosa is a casual alien new for Tuscany.
- Taxon
- Chaenomeles speciosa
Chaenomeles speciosae0 - Outcome
- new for Tuscanye0
- Qualifier
- casual aliene0
- Setting
- Tuscanye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three taxa are new for Tuscany: Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. pulchella, Chaenomeles speciosa (casual alien), and Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile”
Claim · model-written summary
Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile is new for Tuscany.
- Taxon
- Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile
Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatilee0 - Outcome
- new for Tuscanye0
- Setting
- Tuscanye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three taxa are new for Tuscany: Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. pulchella, Chaenomeles speciosa (casual alien), and Thalictrum minus subsp. saxatile”
Claim · model-written summary
Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre is excluded from the regional flora.
- Taxon
- Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre
Helianthemum alpestree0 - Outcome
- excluded from the regional florae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. alpestre is excluded from the regional flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-seven taxa are new for the study area.
Verbatim
e0“47 taxa are new for the study area (31 native, 16 alien)”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
One hundred sixty-eight old records were unconfirmed but considered reliable.
Verbatim
e0“168 (158 native, four hybrid, and six casual alien taxa) were not confirmed, albeit considered reliable”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten taxa are considered locally extinct.
Verbatim
e0“10 taxa as locally extinct, 44 as doubtfully occurring, and 14 as reported by error”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-four taxa are doubtfully occurring.
Verbatim
e0“10 taxa as locally extinct, 44 as doubtfully occurring, and 14 as reported by error”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen taxa were reported by error.
Verbatim
e0“10 taxa as locally extinct, 44 as doubtfully occurring, and 14 as reported by error”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Life forms indicate a transition between Mediterranean and subcontinental bioclimates.
- Taxon
- vascular florat0
- Outcome
- transitional situation between a Mediterranean bioclimatic context and a more distinctly subcontinental onee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Life forms suggest a transitional situation between a Mediterranean bioclimatic context and a more distinctly subcontinental one.”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Eurosiberian-centered species predominate in the chorological spectrum.
Verbatim
e0“there is a clear prevalence of species with a distribution centered in the Eurosiberian Region”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
The flora contains 152 biogeographically relevant taxa.
Verbatim
e0“a biogeographically relevant component represented by 152 taxa”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
The component contains 93 Italian endemics.
Verbatim
e0“93 Italian endemics (30 of them narrowly endemic to Apuan Alps)”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty taxa are narrowly endemic to the Apuan Alps.
Verbatim
e0“30 of them narrowly endemic to Apuan Alps”
t0“vascular flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Native taxa exceed the species-area expectation, while alien taxa are below it.
Verbatim
e0“the number of native taxa exceeds the one expected, while the number of alien taxa is lower than expected”
t0“vascular flora”