Abstract
Poor germination is the major problem of major legumes. Consequently, two sets of experiments in soybean and blackgram were set up in completely randomized design with three replications. The seeds were subjected to osmo-priming using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and hydropriming at the Agronomy laboratory of Lamjung Campus. Number of seeds germinated, root, and shoot length were recorded each day. For soybean, hydropriming gave a 100% germination rate and highest radicle length (Pɘ.05), similar to the outcome of the 5% PEG. Hydropriming exhibited significantly fastest mean germination time (1.29 days), longest seedling length (19.86 cm), highest seedling vigor index (1986.67), and elevated germination index (214.34) (Pɘ.05). Conversely, the 10% PEG treatment demonstrated superior coefficient of velocity of germination. In case of blackgram, 5% PEG treatment demonstrated significant effects in various parameters like the seedling vigor index (SVI) (2080.73), mean germination time (1.13 days), and germination index (217.33). In contrast, hydro-primed seeds showed enhancements (Pɘ.05) in SVI (2080.73), radicle length (11.24 cm) and overall seedling length (21.16 cm). Higher PEG concentrations resulted in poor germination, with no germination observed in case of 20% PEG. The control recorded the lowest of values across all the aforementioned factors for both crops (Pɘ.05). This underscores the effectiveness of both hydropriming and priming with a 5% PEG solution for these crops. These results highlight the critical importance of priming to enhance germination in legume crops.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroprimed soybean reached 100% germination and the highest radicle length, similar to 5% PEG.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- germination rate and highest radicle lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- 5% PEGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For soybean, hydropriming gave a 100% germination rate and highest radicle length (Pɘ.05), similar to the outcome of the 5% PEG.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroprimed soybean had the fastest mean germination time of 1.29 days.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- mean germination timee0
- Direction
- fasteste0
- Value
- 1.29 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydropriming exhibited significantly fastest mean germination time (1.29 days), longest seedling length (19.86 cm), highest seedling vigor index (1986.67), and elevated germination index (214.34) (Pɘ.05).”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroprimed soybean had the longest seedling length of 19.86 cm.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- longeste0
- Value
- 19.86 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydropriming exhibited significantly fastest mean germination time (1.29 days), longest seedling length (19.86 cm), highest seedling vigor index (1986.67), and elevated germination index (214.34) (Pɘ.05).”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroprimed soybean had the highest seedling vigor index of 1986.67.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1986.67e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydropriming exhibited significantly fastest mean germination time (1.29 days), longest seedling length (19.86 cm), highest seedling vigor index (1986.67), and elevated germination index (214.34) (Pɘ.05).”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroprimed soybean had an elevated germination index of 214.34.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Hydropriminge0
- Outcome
- germination indexe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- 214.34e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydropriming exhibited significantly fastest mean germination time (1.29 days), longest seedling length (19.86 cm), highest seedling vigor index (1986.67), and elevated germination index (214.34) (Pɘ.05).”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10% PEG treatment gave soybean the superior coefficient of velocity of germination.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 10% PEG treatmente0
- Outcome
- coefficient of velocity of germinatione0
- Direction
- superiore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conversely, the 10% PEG treatment demonstrated superior coefficient of velocity of germination.”
t0“SOYBEAN”
Claim · model-written summary
For blackgram, 5% PEG produced a seedling vigor index of 2080.73.
- Taxon
- blackgram
Vigna mungoe0 - Treatment
- 5% PEG treatmente0
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Value
- 2080.73e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of blackgram, 5% PEG treatment demonstrated significant effects in various parameters like the seedling vigor index (SVI) (2080.73), mean germination time (1.13 days), and germination index (217.33).”
Claim · model-written summary
For blackgram, 5% PEG produced a mean germination time of 1.13 days.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- 5% PEG treatmente0
- Outcome
- mean germination timee0
- Value
- 1.13 dayse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of blackgram, 5% PEG treatment demonstrated significant effects in various parameters like the seedling vigor index (SVI) (2080.73), mean germination time (1.13 days), and germination index (217.33).”
Claim · model-written summary
For blackgram, 5% PEG produced a germination index of 217.33.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- 5% PEG treatmente0
- Outcome
- germination indexe0
- Value
- 217.33e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of blackgram, 5% PEG treatment demonstrated significant effects in various parameters like the seedling vigor index (SVI) (2080.73), mean germination time (1.13 days), and germination index (217.33).”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroprimed blackgram had enhanced seedling vigor index of 2080.73.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, hydro-primed seeds showed enhancements (Pɘ.05) in SVI (2080.73), radicle length (11.24 cm) and overall seedling length (21.16 cm).”
t0“BLACKGRAM”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroprimed blackgram had enhanced radicle length of 11.24 cm.
- Taxon
- BLACKGRAMVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- hydro-primede0
- Outcome
- radicle lengthe0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 11.24 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, hydro-primed seeds showed enhancements (Pɘ.05) in SVI (2080.73), radicle length (11.24 cm) and overall seedling length (21.16 cm).”
t0“BLACKGRAM”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroprimed blackgram had enhanced seedling length of 21.16 cm.
- Taxon
- BLACKGRAMVigna mungot0
- Treatment
- hydro-primede0
- Outcome
- overall seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 21.16 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, hydro-primed seeds showed enhancements (Pɘ.05) in SVI (2080.73), radicle length (11.24 cm) and overall seedling length (21.16 cm).”
t0“BLACKGRAM”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher PEG concentrations impaired germination, with none at 20% PEG.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN AND BLACKGRAMt0
- Treatment
- Higher PEG concentrationse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- poore0
- Qualifier
- 20% PEGe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Higher PEG concentrations resulted in poor germination, with no germination observed in case of 20% PEG.”
t0“SOYBEAN AND BLACKGRAM”
Claim · model-written summary
Controls had the lowest values across the reported germination and seedling factors for both crops.
Verbatim
e0“The control recorded the lowest of values across all the aforementioned factors for both crops (Pɘ.05).”
t0“SOYBEAN AND BLACKGRAM”
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