Abstract
Banana ( Musa spp.) cultivation is essential for food security; however, the clonality of commonly used forms renders them highly susceptible to pests and diseases. The wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (FocTR4) threatens banana production worldwide. Chitosan induces salicylic acid (SA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA) production in banana plants and reduces colonisation by FocTR4. This polymer induces the main SA biosynthetic pathway mediated by isochorismate synthase 1 and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Chitosan also induces systemic acquired resistance genes, mainly flavin-dependent monooxygenase 1 ( FMO1 ), in banana roots. The banana genotypes Petit Naine, Gros Michel, Enzirabahima, Yangambi Km5, and Foconah differ in their response to chitosan. In the Foc-resistant Yangambi Km5, chitosan induced an approximately 7-fold increase in FMO1 . Preventive chitosan treatments together with the endophytic biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia strain 123 reduced colonisation of banana roots by FocTR4 (approximately 4-fold). Therefore, chitosan and beneficial endophytes can help sustainably manage FocTR4 infection in bananas. We propose a novel method to induce local and systemic defences for biomanagement of banana pests and diseases. • Chitosan depolarizes banana root cell membranes which respond reducing their fluidity. • Chitosan increased root exudation of jasmonic (JA) and salicylic (SA). • Chitosan applied to roots induced SA systemic acquired resistance inducing MeSA biosynthesis in banana leaves. • Chitosan and the biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia 123 reduce colonization of banana roots by FocTR4.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan induced salicylic acid and methyl salicylate production in banana plants.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA) productione0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan induces salicylic acid (SA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA) production in banana plants and reduces colonisation by FocTR4”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan reduced colonisation of banana plants by FocTR4.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Interactor
- FocTR4
_(38100977215).jpg?width=60)
Fusarium odoratissimume0pathogen - Outcome
- colonisation by FocTR4e0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(38100977215).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan induces salicylic acid (SA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA) production in banana plants and reduces colonisation by FocTR4”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan induced the main SA biosynthetic pathway mediated by isochorismate synthase 1 and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- Chitosant0
- Gene
- isochorismate synthase 1 and phenylalanine ammonia-lyasee0
- Outcome
- main SA biosynthetic pathwaye0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“This polymer induces the main SA biosynthetic pathway mediated by isochorismate synthase 1 and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase”
t0“Chitosan induces salicylic acid and methyl salicylate in banana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan induced systemic acquired resistance genes, mainly FMO1, in banana roots.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Gene
- FMO1e0
- Outcome
- systemic acquired resistance genese0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan also induces systemic acquired resistance genes, mainly flavin-dependent monooxygenase 1 ( FMO1 ), in banana roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Banana genotypes Petit Naine, Gros Michel, Enzirabahima, Yangambi Km5 and Foconah differed in their response to chitosan.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Material
- Petit Naine, Gros Michel, Enzirabahima, Yangambi Km5, and Foconahe0
- Outcome
- response to chitosane0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The banana genotypes Petit Naine, Gros Michel, Enzirabahima, Yangambi Km5, and Foconah differ in their response to chitosan”
Claim · model-written summary
In the Foc-resistant banana genotype Yangambi Km5, chitosan induced an approximately 7-fold increase in FMO1.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Yangambi Km5e0
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Gene
- FMO1e0
- Outcome
- FMO1e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- approximately 7-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the Foc-resistant Yangambi Km5, chitosan induced an approximately 7-fold increase in FMO1”
t0“Chitosan induces salicylic acid and methyl salicylate in banana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventive chitosan treatment together with the endophytic biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia strain 123 reduced colonisation of banana roots by FocTR4 approximately 4-fold.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- Preventive chitosan treatments together with the endophytic biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia strain 123e0
- Interactor
- FocTR4Fusarium odoratissimume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pochonia chlamydosporia strain 123Pochonia chlamydosporiae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- colonisation of banana roots by FocTR4e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- approximately 4-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preventive chitosan treatments together with the endophytic biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia strain 123 reduced colonisation of banana roots by FocTR4 (approximately 4-fold)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that chitosan and beneficial endophytes can help sustainably manage FocTR4 infection in bananas.
- Taxon
- bananase0
- Interactor
- FocTR4Fusarium odoratissimume0pathogen
- Outcome
- sustainably manage FocTR4 infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chitosan and beneficial endophytes can help sustainably manage FocTR4 infection in bananas”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan depolarized banana root cell membranes, which responded by reducing their fluidity.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Organ / stage
- root cell membranese0
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Outcome
- fluiditye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan depolarizes banana root cell membranes which respond reducing their fluidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan increased root exudation of jasmonic and salicylic acids in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Outcome
- root exudation of jasmonic (JA) and salicylic (SA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan increased root exudation of jasmonic (JA) and salicylic (SA)”
t0“Chitosan induces salicylic acid and methyl salicylate in banana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan applied to banana roots induced SA systemic acquired resistance and MeSA biosynthesis in leaves.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Chitosan applied to rootse0
- Outcome
- MeSA biosynthesise0
- Direction
- inducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan applied to roots induced SA systemic acquired resistance inducing MeSA biosynthesis in banana leaves”
The same questions in other papers
chitosan · molecular: metabolites · MusaResults agree
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- positive
chitosan · physiology: hormones · MusaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
biocontrol · Fusarium odoratissimum · MusaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.