Abstract
Abstract Biological mechanisms of seed germination in response to salinity stress affect the successful establishment of plant populations. Therefore, this study was aimed to induce salt stress resistance in thyme seeds at the germination stage using different priming techniques. In order to perceive the most appropriate seed priming protocol, all priming treatments, including osmopriming (potassium nitrate), hormopriming (gibberellic acid), and hybrid-priming (potassium nitrate with gibberellin hormone), and non-priming treatment (control) were screened at different salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 dS/m). Hybrid priming technique (2% potassium nitrate with 0.6 mM gibberellin) is one of the most effective seed pretreatments to improve seed germination indices at all tested salinity levels. Our results showed an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content with increasing salinity concentrations. Therefore, in primed seeds, total antioxidant capacity and phenolic and flavonoid content were increased significantly as compared to non-primed seeds at all levels of salinity stress. This consequently decreased H2O2 and MDA content and improved seed germination capacity under salinity stress condition. Moreover, this favorable priming treatment could induce salinity resistance in the germination and seedling growth stages by promoting assimilates (soluble sugars, proline, and glycine betaine) accumulation and adjusting the mineral elements ratio (potassium to sodium ratio), resulting in an increase in seedling growth, germination percentage, and germination rate at different salinity levels. Overall, hybrid priming treatments could play a more effective role in increasing germination potential, seedling rate and biochemical indices of thyme seed under salt stress condition.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid priming improved seed germination indices at all tested salinities.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgaris
.JPG?width=60)
Thymus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Hybrid priming technique (2% potassium nitrate with 0.6 mM gibberellin)e0
- Outcome
- seed germination indicese0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- at all tested salinity levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Hybrid priming technique (2% potassium nitrate with 0.6 mM gibberellin) is one of the most effective seed pretreatments to improve seed germination indices at all tested salinity levels.”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity increased seed hydrogen peroxide content.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity concentrationse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content with increasing salinity concentrations”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity increased seed malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity concentrationse0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content with increasing salinity concentrations”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming significantly increased antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- primed seedse0
- Outcome
- total antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in primed seeds, total antioxidant capacity and phenolic and flavonoid content were increased significantly as compared to non-primed seeds at all levels of salinity stress”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming significantly increased phenolic and flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- primed seedse0
- Outcome
- phenolic and flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-primed seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in primed seeds, total antioxidant capacity and phenolic and flavonoid content were increased significantly as compared to non-primed seeds at all levels of salinity stress”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming decreased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- priminge1
- Outcome
- H2O2 and MDA contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This consequently decreased H2O2 and MDA content and improved seed germination capacity under salinity stress condition.”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
e1“all priming treatments, including osmopriming”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming improved germination capacity under salinity.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- priminge1
- Outcome
- seed germination capacitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This consequently decreased H2O2 and MDA content and improved seed germination capacity under salinity stress condition.”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
e1“all priming treatments, including osmopriming”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid priming promoted accumulation of soluble sugars, proline and glycine betaine.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- hybrid priming treatmentse1
- Outcome
- assimilates (soluble sugars, proline, and glycine betaine) accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“promoting assimilates (soluble sugars, proline, and glycine betaine) accumulation”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
e1“hybrid priming treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid priming adjusted potassium to sodium ratio.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- hybrid priming treatmentse1
- Outcome
- mineral elements ratio (potassium to sodium ratio)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adjusting the mineral elements ratio (potassium to sodium ratio)”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
e1“hybrid priming treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid priming increased seedling growth and germination percentage and rate.
- Taxon
- Thymus vulgarisThymus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- hybrid priming treatmentse1
- Outcome
- seedling growth, germination percentage, and germination ratee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in an increase in seedling growth, germination percentage, and germination rate at different salinity levels”
t0“Thymus vulgaris”
e1“hybrid priming treatments”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · Thymus vulgaris (thyme)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
seed treatment · growth · Thymus vulgaris (thyme)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.