Abstract
Abstract This study assesses how zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and calcium chloride (CaCl2), affect the physiology and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under salt (NaCl) stress. Before sowing, tomato seeds were soaked in 100 mM of ZnO-NPs and 2 mM of CaCl2 for 12 h alone and in combination with 100 mM of NaCl. The findings showed that salinity stress had an adverse effect on tomato plant growth and physiology by reducing photosynthesis, fresh and dry weight, and the SPAD value of chlorophyll, carbonic anhydrase (CA), nitrate reductase (NR) while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and other chemicals that are directly linked to increased oxidative stress. Pre-treatment of ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 alleviated the negative effects of salinity on tomato plants, as indicated by improving these attributes. Seed soaking treatments of ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 was found efficient in improving the length, fresh and dry weight, photosynthesis, transpiration rate, total carbohydrate and reducing sugar in tomato plants under salinity stress. Beside, ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 decreased the NaCl-induced oxidative stress by declining proline, Na+, and Na+/K+ contents. Thus, our research showed that ZnO-NPs are more efficient and advantageous than CaCl2 in encouraging tomato plant growth and mitigating the negative impacts of NaCl stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced photosynthesis and fresh and dry weight of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress had an adverse effect on tomato plant growth and physiology by reducing photosynthesis, fresh and dry weight, and the SPAD value of chlorophyll, carbonic anhydrase (CA), nitrate reductase (NR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced SPAD chlorophyll value, carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase in tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- SPAD value of chlorophyll, carbonic anhydrase (CA), nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress had an adverse effect on tomato plant growth and physiology by reducing photosynthesis, fresh and dry weight, and the SPAD value of chlorophyll, carbonic anhydrase (CA), nitrate reductase (NR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased antioxidant enzyme activity in tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress had an adverse effect on tomato plant growth and physiology by reducing photosynthesis, fresh and dry weight, and the SPAD value of chlorophyll, carbonic anhydrase (CA), nitrate reductase (NR) while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and proline in tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), prolinee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity stress had an adverse effect on tomato plant growth and physiology by reducing photosynthesis, fresh and dry weight, and the SPAD value of chlorophyll, carbonic anhydrase (CA), nitrate reductase (NR) while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-treatment with ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 alleviated the negative effects of salinity on tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Pre-treatment of ZnO-NPs and CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- negative effects of salinitye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-treatment of ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 alleviated the negative effects of salinity on tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking with ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 improved length, fresh and dry weight and photosynthesis of tomato plants under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Seed soaking treatments of ZnO-NPs and CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- length, fresh and dry weight, photosynthesise0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed soaking treatments of ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 was found efficient in improving the length, fresh and dry weight, photosynthesis, transpiration rate, total carbohydrate and reducing sugar in tomato plants under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed soaking with ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 improved transpiration rate, total carbohydrate and reducing sugar of tomato plants under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Seed soaking treatments of ZnO-NPs and CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- transpiration rate, total carbohydrate and reducing sugare0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- under salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed soaking treatments of ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 was found efficient in improving the length, fresh and dry weight, photosynthesis, transpiration rate, total carbohydrate and reducing sugar in tomato plants under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 decreased NaCl-induced oxidative stress by lowering proline, Na+ and Na+/K+ contents.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPs and CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- proline, Na+, and Na+/K+ contentse0
- Direction
- declininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)”
e0“ZnO-NPs and CaCl2 decreased the NaCl-induced oxidative stress by declining proline, Na+, and Na+/K+ contents”
Claim · model-written summary
ZnO-NPs were more efficient than CaCl2 in promoting tomato plant growth and mitigating NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- tomato plant growthe0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Comparator
- CaCl2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZnO-NPs are more efficient and advantageous than CaCl2 in encouraging tomato plant growth and mitigating the negative impacts of NaCl stress”
The same questions in other papers
calcium chloride dihydrate · physiology: gas exchange · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
zinc oxide nanoparticle · physiology: gas exchange · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc oxide · physiology: gas exchange · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc oxide nanoparticle · physiology: osmolytes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
calcium chloride dihydrate · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
zinc oxide nanoparticle · physiology: photosynthesis · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →zinc oxide · physiology: osmolytes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →calcium chloride dihydrate · physiology: osmolytes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.