Abstract
In the Yaqui Valley, Mexico, the current and estimated annual growth rate of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) yield is insufficient to satisfy the food demand that the world will be facing by 2050. Furthermore, besides the high doses of fertilizers applied to wheat in this region, nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) remains low (<34.4%). A sustainable strategy to reduce the use of fertilizers and to increase crop yield and quality is the use of native plant growth-promoting bacteria as microbial inoculants. This study was performed under field conditions during one agricultural season in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. It aimed to quantify the impact of the inoculation of a native bacterial consortium (BC) composed of Bacillus cabrialesii subsp. cabrialesii TE3T, Priestia megaterium TRQ8, and Bacillus paralicheniformis TRQ65 on grain yield, grain quality, and NUE (measured through 15N-isotopic techniques) at different stages of development of durum wheat variety CIRNO C2008 under three doses of urea (0, 120, and 240 kg N ha−1) fractionated at 30%, 60%, and 10%. Results showed that yield, quality, and NUE were highly affected by the N doses, while the inoculation of the BC had a lower impact on these parameters. Nevertheless, the inoculation of the BC on wheat had positive effects at the early stages of growth, on plant height (+1.6 cm), root depth (+11.9 cm), and spikes per square meter (+25 spikes m−2). Moreover, the addition of the BC improved N acquisition by the plants, at different crop growth stages, compared to uninoculated treatments. Finally, our results indicated that reducing the N dose from 240 kg of N ha−1 to 120 kg of N ha−1 improved the NUE (27.5% vs. 44.3%, respectively) of the crop. Hence, results of this preliminary study showed that the incorporation of bacterial inoculants into the wheat crop requires a simultaneous adequate N management, in order to obtain the desired positive effect on wheat productivity.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen dose strongly affected wheat yield.
- Taxon
- Durum Wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- N dosese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that yield, quality, and NUE were highly affected by the N doses”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen dose strongly affected wheat quality.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- N dosese0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that yield, quality, and NUE were highly affected by the N doses”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen dose strongly affected wheat nitrogen-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- N dosese0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that yield, quality, and NUE were highly affected by the N doses”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial consortium inoculation had a lower impact on wheat yield, quality and NUE.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation of the BCe0
- Outcome
- yield, quality, and NUEe1
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- N dosese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inoculation of the BC had a lower impact on these parameters”
e1“Results showed that yield, quality, and NUE were highly affected by the N doses”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial consortium inoculation increased early wheat height by 1.6 cm.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- early stages of growthe0
- Treatment
- inoculation of the BCe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
- Value
- +1.6 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of the BC on wheat had positive effects at the early stages of growth, on plant height (+1.6 cm), root depth (+11.9 cm), and spikes per square meter (+25 spikes m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial consortium inoculation increased early wheat root depth by 11.9 cm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculation of the BCe0
- Outcome
- root depthe0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
- Value
- +11.9 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of the BC on wheat had positive effects at the early stages of growth, on plant height (+1.6 cm), root depth (+11.9 cm), and spikes per square meter (+25 spikes m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial consortium inoculation increased wheat spikes per square meter by 25.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculation of the BCe0
- Outcome
- spikes per square metere0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
- Value
- +25 spikes m−2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation of the BC on wheat had positive effects at the early stages of growth, on plant height (+1.6 cm), root depth (+11.9 cm), and spikes per square meter (+25 spikes m−2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial consortium inoculation improved nitrogen acquisition at multiple growth stages.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- addition of the BCe0
- Outcome
- N acquisitione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of the BC improved N acquisition by the plants, at different crop growth stages, compared to uninoculated treatments”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing nitrogen from 240 to 120 kg ha−1 raised NUE from 27.5% to 44.3%.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- 120 kg of N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 44.3%e0
- Qualifier
- 27.5%e0
- Comparator
- 240 kg of N ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing the N dose from 240 kg of N ha−1 to 120 kg of N ha−1 improved the NUE (27.5% vs. 44.3%, respectively)”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that bacterial inoculation needs adequate nitrogen management to improve wheat productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- simultaneous adequate N managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incorporation of bacterial inoculants into the wheat crop requires a simultaneous adequate N management, in order to obtain the desired positive effect on wheat productivity”
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