Paper · 2025 · Plants

Improving Soybean Development and Grain Yield by Complementary Inoculation with Growth-Promoting Bacteria Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Priestia, and Bacillus

Robélio Leandro Marchão; Gustavo Cassiano da Silva; Solange Rocha Monteiro de Andrade; et al.

3
claims
6
verbatim quotes
13
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Bioinputs are natural products applied to crops that contribute to more sustainable agriculture by boosting yields and reducing environmental impacts. In Brazil, the use of bioinputs such as Bradyrhizobium in soybean has been consolidated, but the expansion of on-farm bioinput production is currently initiating a new revolution. Furthermore, applications of bioinputs to cash crops in Brazil have shed light on the great potential of such growth-promoting microorganisms (GMPs) to improve nutrient uptake and increase productivity. This study explores the effect of the complementary inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria of post-emergence soybean, previously inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. Five treatments with growth-promoting bacteria were evaluated: T1—Control (no inoculation); T2—Azospirillum brasilense; T3—Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum brasilense; T4—Priestia aryabhattai, Bacillus haynesii, and Bacillus circulans; and T5—Priestia megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. In comparison with the control, all treatments with growth-promoting bacteria of the genera Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Priestia, and Bacillus, applied after soybean emergence, induced 4–7% higher grain yields. Co-inoculation with Priestia megaterium and Bacillus subtilis (treatment T5) resulted in a higher 1000-grain weight, while Priestia aryabhattai, Bacillus haynesii, and Bacillus circulans (treatment T4) increased the number of pods and shoot dry weight. Our conclusion is that bioinputs increase soybean productivity and make agriculture more sustainable and efficient.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 3

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Growth-promoting bacteria applied after soybean emergence induced 4-7% higher grain yields than the control.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
growth-promoting bacteriae0
Interactor
Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Priestia, and Bacilluse0symbiont
Outcome
grain yieldse0
Direction
highere0
Value
4–7%e0
Comparator
the controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Improving Soybean Development and Grain Yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–45 · show in text ↑
e0

“In comparison with the control, all treatments with growth-promoting bacteria of the genera Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, Priestia, and Bacillus, applied after soybean emergence, induced 4–7% higher grain yields”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1205 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Co-inoculation with Priestia megaterium and Bacillus subtilis resulted in a higher 1000-grain weight.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Co-inoculation with Priestia megaterium and Bacillus subtilise1
Interactor
Priestia megaterium and Bacillus subtilisPriestia megateriumBacillus subtilise1symbiont
Outcome
1000-grain weighte1
Direction
highere1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Priestia megaterium
Priestia megaterium · InteractorOsmoregulator / Osmoregulator at English Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilis · InteractorY tambe (original uploader) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Improving Soybean Development and Grain Yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–45 · show in text ↑
e1

“Co-inoculation with Priestia megaterium and Bacillus subtilis (treatment T5) resulted in a higher 1000-grain weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1207–1322 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Priestia aryabhattai, Bacillus haynesii and Bacillus circulans increased the number of pods and shoot dry weight.

Taxon
SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Priestia aryabhattai, Bacillus haynesii, and Bacillus circulanse2
Interactor
Priestia aryabhattai, Bacillus haynesii, and Bacillus circulanse2symbiont
Outcome
the number of pods and shoot dry weighte2
Direction
increasede2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Improving Soybean Development and Grain Yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–45 · show in text ↑
e2

“Priestia aryabhattai, Bacillus haynesii, and Bacillus circulans (treatment T4) increased the number of pods and shoot dry weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1330–1458 · show in text ↑

Priestia aryabhattai · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

Priestia megaterium · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 6 positive, 1 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

Bacillus subtilis · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

18 papers: 17 positive, 1 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

inoculation · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

566 papers: 491 positive, 75 negative or no effect

490 papers in the same direction as this paper · 63 in the opposite direction · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

562 papers more in this group

See all 566 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.