Abstract
• Enhanced resource efficiency: in banana, irrigation scheduling at −50 kPa soil moisture tension and 50 % Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) fertigation (I3F3) strategy significantly reduced water consumption by 26.02 % compared to the control, demonstrating improved water productivity. • Increased profitability: The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit (₹ 2, 77,892) and a better benefit-to-cost ratio (1.61) compared to the control. • Reduced input costs: The I3F3 strategy lowered the cost per tonne of fruit and significantly reduced the NPK fertilizer cost per plant. • Sustainable solution: By optimizing water and fertilizer usage, the I3F3 strategy offers a more sustainable and economically viable approach to banana cultivation, mitigating risks associated with soil degradation and water scarcity. Bananas are globally ubiquitous fruit, demands substantial resource inputs, notably water and fertilizers, for its cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IoT-enabled precision farming in optimizing water and nutrient utilization, augmenting banana cv.Grand Nain productivity, and mitigating cultivation costs. This pioneering endeavour for Indian banana cultivation investigated three distinct irrigation regimes, each contingent upon soil water potential thresholds of -50, -100, and -150 kPa, in conjunction with three fertigation treatments comprising 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Findings demonstrated that, combination of -50 kPa and 50 % of RDF (I3F3 strategy), characterized by the most stringent irrigation and fertilization thresholds, and exhibited superior growth attributes after 240 days. Although the control treatment initially displayed a growth advantage in terms of plant height, pseudostem girth, and leaf area index (LAI), the I3F3 strategy surpassed it after 330 days, culminating in greater plant height and the largest pseudostem girth at the 300-day mark. Furthermore, the I3F3 strategy yielded a substantial net profit of ₹ 2,77,892 ha -1 , translating to a favorable benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.61, outperforming the control treatment. The cost per tonne of fruit was significantly reduced to ₹ 4,279 under the I3F3 strategy, while water productivity surged to 90 liters per kilogram of fruit, a considerable improvement over the control's 180 liters. Concurrently, the NPK fertilizer cost per plant diminished to ₹ 20.68, and fertilizer productivity increased to 0.625 per kilogram, signifying more efficient resource utilization. Notably, the I3F3 strategy achieved a remarkable 26.02 % water savings compared to the control, establishing it as a highly profitable and resource-conserving approach. In the contemporary agricultural landscape, grappling with soil degradation, water scarcity, and volatile market conditions, the I3F3 strategy emerges as a sustainable and economically viable solution for banana cultivation. By significantly curtailing water and NPK fertilizer usage, this approach mitigates farmers' economic risks and promotes environmental sustainability
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 reduced banana water consumption by 26.02 % versus control.
Verbatim
e0“in banana, irrigation scheduling at −50 kPa soil moisture tension and 50 % Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) fertigation (I3F3) strategy significantly reduced water consumption by 26.02 % compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 generated higher net profit than control.
Verbatim
e0“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit (₹ 2, 77,892) and a better benefit-to-cost ratio (1.61) compared to the control.”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 gave a better benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.61.
Verbatim
e0“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit (₹ 2, 77,892) and a better benefit-to-cost ratio (1.61) compared to the control.”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 improved growth attributes after 240 days.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- I3F3 strategye1
- Outcome
- growth attributese0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- after 240 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“exhibited superior growth attributes after 240 days.”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
The control initially had greater plant height, girth and leaf area index.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- control treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant height, pseudostem girth, and leaf area index (LAI)e0
- Direction
- growth advantagee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the control treatment initially displayed a growth advantage in terms of plant height, pseudostem girth, and leaf area index (LAI)”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 surpassed control in plant height after 330 days.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- I3F3 strategye0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- after 330 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the I3F3 strategy surpassed it after 330 days, culminating in greater plant height”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 gave the largest pseudostem girth at 300 days.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- I3F3 strategye1
- Outcome
- pseudostem girthe0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Qualifier
- 300-day marke0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the largest pseudostem girth at the 300-day mark.”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 significantly cut cost per tonne of fruit to ₹ 4,279.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- I3F3 strategye0
- Outcome
- cost per tonne of fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ₹ 4,279e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The cost per tonne of fruit was significantly reduced to ₹ 4,279 under the I3F3 strategy”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 improved water productivity to 90 liters per kilogram compared with 180 liters for control.
Verbatim
e0“water productivity surged to 90 liters per kilogram of fruit, a considerable improvement over the control's 180 liters.”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 lowered NPK fertilizer cost per plant to ₹ 20.68.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- I3F3 strategye1
- Outcome
- NPK fertilizer cost per plante0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Value
- ₹ 20.68e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the NPK fertilizer cost per plant diminished to ₹ 20.68”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
I3F3 increased fertilizer productivity to 0.625 per kilogram.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- I3F3 strategye1
- Outcome
- fertilizer productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.625 per kilograme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“fertilizer productivity increased to 0.625 per kilogram”
t0“Banana cv. Grand Nain”
e1“The I3F3 strategy yielded a higher net profit”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose I3F3 as a sustainable banana cultivation approach.
Verbatim
e0“the I3F3 strategy emerges as a sustainable and economically viable solution for banana cultivation.”
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