Abstract
A chickpea health issue was first noted in July 2019 in southwest Saskatchewan, Canada. Surveys of commercial chickpea fields were undertaken in 2021, 2022, and 2023 to investigate the potential roles of herbicides, fungicides, fertilizer, seed treatments, inoculants, nutrients, nematodes, drought stress, and chickpea cultivars on severity of plant damage. Fields to which herbicide containing the active ingredient metribuzin had been applied had more severe symptoms compared to fields to which it had not. Seed treatment with Apron Advance (active ingredients thiabendazole, fludioxinil, and metalaxyl) was associated with more severe symptoms than treatment with Vibrance Maxx (sedaxane, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl). No effects of rhizobial inoculation of chickpea seed was observed. Fields in which lentil or canola preceded chickpea had higher severity of aboveground plant damage compared to fields in which chickpea followed barley or durum. No significant correlation was found between severity of plant damage and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chloride in plant tissues. A significant negative correlation ( P < 0.05) was found between potassium (K) concentration and severity, especially in 2023. There was a significant positive correlation ( P < 0.05) between severity of plant damage and the amount of P fertilizer applied. Plant ectoparasitic nematodes Paratylenchus and Helicotylenchus species were detected. Paratylenchus species abundance was very high in some fields. Although no clear diagnosis of the causal agent(s) of plant damage was made, crop rotation, metribuzin herbicide application, seed treatments, plant K concentrations, P fertilization, and co-occurrence of stressors may exacerbate the plant and foliar symptoms observed.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin-treated fields had more severe chickpea symptoms.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- metribuzine0
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- fields to which it had note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fields to which herbicide containing the active ingredient metribuzin had been applied had more severe symptoms compared to fields to which it had not.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Apron Advance seed treatment was associated with more severe symptoms than Vibrance Maxx.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Apron Advancee0
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- Vibrance Maxxe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with Apron Advance (active ingredients thiabendazole, fludioxinil, and metalaxyl) was associated with more severe symptoms than treatment with Vibrance Maxx (sedaxane, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl).”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobial inoculation showed no observed effect on chickpea damage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- rhizobial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- No effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No effects of rhizobial inoculation of chickpea seed was observed.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea damage was higher following lentil than barley or durum.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- lentile0
- Outcome
- severity of aboveground plant damagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- barley or durume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fields in which lentil or canola preceded chickpea had higher severity of aboveground plant damage compared to fields in which chickpea followed barley or durum.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea damage was higher following canola than barley or durum.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- canolae0
- Outcome
- severity of aboveground plant damagee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- barley or durume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fields in which lentil or canola preceded chickpea had higher severity of aboveground plant damage compared to fields in which chickpea followed barley or durum.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea damage severity had no significant correlation with nitrogen (N) concentration.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- nitrogen (N)e0
- Outcome
- severity of plant damagee0
- Direction
- No significant correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant correlation was found between severity of plant damage and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chloride in plant tissues.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea damage severity had no significant correlation with phosphorus (P) concentration.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- phosphorus (P)e0
- Outcome
- severity of plant damagee0
- Direction
- No significant correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant correlation was found between severity of plant damage and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chloride in plant tissues.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea damage severity had no significant correlation with chloride concentration.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- chloridee0
- Outcome
- severity of plant damagee0
- Direction
- No significant correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant correlation was found between severity of plant damage and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chloride in plant tissues.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium concentration correlated negatively with chickpea damage severity, especially in 2023.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Compound
- potassium (K)e0
- Outcome
- severitye0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
- Qualifier
- especially in 2023e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant negative correlation ( P < 0.05) was found between potassium (K) concentration and severity, especially in 2023.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher P fertilizer amount correlated with more severe chickpea damage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- P fertilizere0
- Outcome
- severity of plant damagee0
- Direction
- positive correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant positive correlation ( P < 0.05) between severity of plant damage and the amount of P fertilizer applied.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Paratylenchus nematodes were detected in surveyed chickpea fields.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- ParatylenchusParatylenchuse0pest
- Outcome
- Paratylenchus and Helicotylenchus species were detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant ectoparasitic nematodes Paratylenchus and Helicotylenchus species were detected.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Helicotylenchus nematodes were detected in surveyed chickpea fields.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- Helicotylenchus
Helicotylenchuse0pest - Outcome
- Helicotylenchus species were detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant ectoparasitic nematodes Paratylenchus and Helicotylenchus species were detected.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Paratylenchus abundance was very high in some chickpea fields.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- ParatylenchusParatylenchuse0pest
- Outcome
- Paratylenchus species abundancee0
- Direction
- very highe0
- Qualifier
- some fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paratylenchus species abundance was very high in some fields.”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The causal agent of chickpea damage was not clearly diagnosed.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- no clear diagnosis of the causal agent(s) of plant damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although no clear diagnosis of the causal agent(s) of plant damage was made”
t0“chickpea”