Abstract
Convective air-drying assisted radio frequency drying (CARFD) is an innovative method with the merits of rapid volumetric heating, energy efficiency, as well as high quality food products. However, knowledge about how pretreatment methods impact on the physicochemical characteristics of pretreated apples and the performance of subsequent CARFD is limited. In present work, apple slices were subjected to osmotic pretreatment (OP) and ultrasonic-assisted osmotic pretreatment (USOP) with different intensities (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 W/g); and the physicochemical properties of pretreated samples (such as mass transfer behavior, water migration status, dielectric loss factor and the others) were compared. The drying duration, energy consumption and a series of quality characteristics (color index, texture, nutrient compositions, antioxidant activity, and so on) of the CARFD produced apple slices were also investigated. The microstructure observations revealed that acoustic waves induced the structural changes and created microchannels. Meanwhile, physicochemical properties of pretreated samples also demonstrated that OP and USOP methods significantly facilitated the water migration status and heightened the dielectric loss factor. In comparison with control and OP methods, three USOP methods were successful in reducing the drying time (14.6%∼27.1%) and total energy consumption (4.5 ∼ 19.8%) of entire processing steps. Concomitantly, USOP (2.0 W/g) samples after drying showed an enhanced quality characteristics in terms of good texture, higher retention of bioactive compounds, higher rehydration ratio, better antioxidant capacity. This study highlights the application of USOP as an effective pretreatment method for enhancing the process efficiency and quality of CARFD produced apple slices.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Ultrasonic waves altered apple slice microstructure and created microchannels.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- acoustic wavese0
- Outcome
- structural changes and created microchannelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acoustic waves induced the structural changes and created microchannels”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic pretreatment facilitated water migration in apple slices.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- OPe0
- Outcome
- water migration statuse0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OP and USOP methods significantly facilitated the water migration status and heightened the dielectric loss factor”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Ultrasonic-assisted osmotic pretreatment facilitated water migration in apple slices.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- USOPe0
- Outcome
- water migration statuse0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OP and USOP methods significantly facilitated the water migration status and heightened the dielectric loss factor”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
OP increased the dielectric loss factor of apple slices.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- OPe0
- Outcome
- dielectric loss factore0
- Direction
- heightenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OP and USOP methods significantly facilitated the water migration status and heightened the dielectric loss factor”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
USOP increased the dielectric loss factor of apple slices.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- USOPe0
- Outcome
- dielectric loss factore0
- Direction
- heightenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OP and USOP methods significantly facilitated the water migration status and heightened the dielectric loss factor”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Three USOP treatments reduced drying time by 14.6%∼27.1% compared with control and OP.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- three USOP methodse0
- Outcome
- drying timee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 14.6%∼27.1%e0
- Comparator
- control and OP methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison with control and OP methods, three USOP methods were successful in reducing the drying time (14.6%∼27.1%) and total energy consumption (4.5 ∼ 19.8%)”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Three USOP treatments reduced total energy consumption by 4.5 ∼ 19.8% compared with control and OP.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- three USOP methodse0
- Outcome
- total energy consumptione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 4.5 ∼ 19.8%e0
- Comparator
- control and OP methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison with control and OP methods, three USOP methods were successful in reducing the drying time (14.6%∼27.1%) and total energy consumption (4.5 ∼ 19.8%)”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried apple slices pretreated with USOP at 2.0 W/g had good texture and improved bioactive compound retention and rehydration ratio.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- USOP (2.0 W/g)e0
- Outcome
- good texture, higher retention of bioactive compounds, higher rehydration ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“USOP (2.0 W/g) samples after drying showed an enhanced quality characteristics in terms of good texture, higher retention of bioactive compounds, higher rehydration ratio, better antioxidant capacity”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Dried apple slices pretreated with USOP at 2.0 W/g showed better antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- USOP (2.0 W/g)e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“USOP (2.0 W/g) samples after drying showed an enhanced quality characteristics in terms of good texture, higher retention of bioactive compounds, higher rehydration ratio, better antioxidant capacity”
t0“apple”
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.