Abstract
All over the world, vegetable crops are suffering, including potato, which has been severely affected by bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Alternaria burnsii (A. burnsii), Aspergillus niger (A. niger), and Aspergillus niveus (A. niveus) are endophytic fungi that were isolated from Trifolium alexandrinum and were applied to enhance potato growth and stimulate defense mechanisms against Ralstonia solanacearum wilt (RSW) disease. The findings showed that the endophytic fungal filtrate possesses antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum in vitro, with inhibition zones for A. burnsii, A. niveus, and A. niger at concentrations of 1 mg/ml measuring 38.0 mm, 30.0 mm, and 28.0 mm in size. In pot trials, the mixture of A. burnsii, A. niveus, and A. niger was the most effective treatment. It reduced the disease index to 17.5% and provided 78.7% protection, followed by the use of A. niger and A. niveus, which reduced the disease index to 30% and 35%, respectively, and provided protection of 63.6% and 57.5%. Applying the fungal mixture to RSW-infected plants resulted in a 132.5% increase in soluble carbohydrates and a 94.3% increase in protein levels. The application of the endophytic fungi, singly or in combination, resulted in an increase in the phenolic content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Based on the study results, we recommend using a mixture of these tested endophytic fungi as therapeutic agents against RSW and as plant growth stimulants for commercial purposes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
A. burnsii filtrate inhibited R. solanacearum in vitro, with an inhibition zone of 38.0 mm.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Second interactor
- A. burnsiiAlternaria burnsiie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Value
- 38.0 mme0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings showed that the endophytic fungal filtrate possesses antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum in vitro, with inhibition zones for A. burnsii, A. niveus, and A. niger at concentrations of 1 mg/ml measuring 38.0 mm, 30.0 mm, and 28.0 mm in size.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niveus filtrate inhibited R. solanacearum in vitro, with an inhibition zone of 30.0 mm.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. niveus
Aspergillus niveuse0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Value
- 30.0 mme0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings showed that the endophytic fungal filtrate possesses antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum in vitro, with inhibition zones for A. burnsii, A. niveus, and A. niger at concentrations of 1 mg/ml measuring 38.0 mm, 30.0 mm, and 28.0 mm in size.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger filtrate inhibited R. solanacearum in vitro, with an inhibition zone of 28.0 mm.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. niger
Aspergillus nigere0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- inhibition zonese0
- Value
- 28.0 mme0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings showed that the endophytic fungal filtrate possesses antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum in vitro, with inhibition zones for A. burnsii, A. niveus, and A. niger at concentrations of 1 mg/ml measuring 38.0 mm, 30.0 mm, and 28.0 mm in size.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger reduced potato disease index to 30%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A. nigere0
- Interactor
- A. nigerAspergillus nigere0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It reduced the disease index to 17.5% and provided 78.7% protection, followed by the use of A. niger and A. niveus, which reduced the disease index to 30% and 35%, respectively, and provided protection of 63.6% and 57.5%.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger provided 63.6% potato protection.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A. nigere0
- Interactor
- A. nigerAspergillus nigere0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Value
- 63.6%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It reduced the disease index to 17.5% and provided 78.7% protection, followed by the use of A. niger and A. niveus, which reduced the disease index to 30% and 35%, respectively, and provided protection of 63.6% and 57.5%.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niveus reduced potato disease index to 35%.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A. niveuse0
- Interactor
- A. niveusAspergillus niveuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It reduced the disease index to 17.5% and provided 78.7% protection, followed by the use of A. niger and A. niveus, which reduced the disease index to 30% and 35%, respectively, and provided protection of 63.6% and 57.5%.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A. niveus provided 57.5% potato protection.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- A. niveuse0
- Interactor
- A. niveusAspergillus niveuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Value
- 57.5%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It reduced the disease index to 17.5% and provided 78.7% protection, followed by the use of A. niger and A. niveus, which reduced the disease index to 30% and 35%, respectively, and provided protection of 63.6% and 57.5%.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal mixture treatment increased potato soluble carbohydrates by 132.5% in infected plants.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- fungal mixturee0
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 132.5%e0
- Qualifier
- RSW-infected plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying the fungal mixture to RSW-infected plants resulted in a 132.5% increase in soluble carbohydrates and a 94.3% increase in protein levels.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal mixture treatment increased potato protein levels by 94.3% in infected plants.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- fungal mixturee0
- Outcome
- protein levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 94.3%e0
- Qualifier
- RSW-infected plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying the fungal mixture to RSW-infected plants resulted in a 132.5% increase in soluble carbohydrates and a 94.3% increase in protein levels.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytic fungi increased potato phenolic content and antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- endophytic fungi, singly or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- phenolic content and the activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of the endophytic fungi, singly or in combination, resulted in an increase in the phenolic content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes.”
t0“Potato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the fungal mixture for potato wilt management and growth stimulation.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- using a mixture of these tested endophytic fungi as therapeutic agents against RSW and as plant growth stimulantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on the study results, we recommend using a mixture of these tested endophytic fungi as therapeutic agents against RSW and as plant growth stimulants for commercial purposes.”
t0“Potato Plants”