Paper · 2024 · International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

Evaluation of Liquid Nano Urea Fertilizer for Enhancing Yield, Yield Attributes and Economic Performance in Sugarcane Plant-ratoon Cycle

K. K. Patel; V. J. Zinzala; N. M. Chaudhari; et al.

18
claims
40
verbatim quotes
1
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

A field experiment on “evaluation of liquid nano urea fertilizer for enhancing yield, yield attributes and economic performance in sugarcane plant-ratoon cycle” was carried out during rabi of 2021-22 (plant crop) and 2022-23 (ratoon crop) at Navsari (Gujarat). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design including eight treatments with three replication, comprising from nitrogen levels for soil application with foliar spray of nano urea and urea in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane. The results of experiments in respect to the both individual plant crop and ratoon crop season as well as in pooled analysis of both seasons of sugarcane, yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4. However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control. During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively). It concluded that for achieving higher yield and net monetary returns in sugarcane plant-ratoon cultivation should be fertilized with 100 % of recommended P2O5 and K2O + 75 % RDN + two sprays of either liquid nano urea @ 4 ml/L or 2 % urea at 90 and 180 DAP of plant crop and DAR of ratoon crop. This application effectively replaces the 25% of recommended dose of nitrogen while matching the performance of the 100% RDN treatment.

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Claims 18

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 75% RDN with two liquid nano urea sprays (T3), millable cane yield and green top yield were highest, at par with T2 and T4.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe0
Outcome
millable cane yield and green top yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Comparator
T2 and T4e0

Verbatim

e0

“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 657–1020 · show in text ↑
e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 75% RDN with two liquid nano urea sprays (T3), the number of millable canes, internodes per cane and cane girth were highest, at par with T2 and T4.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe0
Outcome
No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girthe0
Direction
higheste0
Comparator
T2 and T4e0

Verbatim

e0

“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 657–1020 · show in text ↑
e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

At 75% RDN with two liquid nano urea sprays (T3), single cane weight was highest, at par with T2 and T4.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe0
Outcome
single cane weighte0
Direction
higheste0
Comparator
T2 and T4e0

Verbatim

e0

“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 657–1020 · show in text ↑
e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), millable cane increased by 67.25% in the plant crop compared with the absolute control.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe0
Outcome
millable canee2
Direction
increasede2
Value
67.25%e2
Comparator
absolute controle2
Setting
plant crop seasone2

Verbatim

e0

“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 657–1020 · show in text ↑
e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e2

“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1305 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T2, millable cane increased by 62.62% in the plant crop compared with the absolute control.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
T2e2
Outcome
millable canee2
Direction
increasede2
Value
62.62%e2
Comparator
absolute controle2
Setting
plant crop seasone2

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e2

“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1305 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T4, millable cane increased by 52.53% in the plant crop compared with the absolute control.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
T4e2
Outcome
millable canee2
Direction
increasede2
Value
52.53%e2
Comparator
absolute controle2
Setting
plant crop seasone2

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e2

“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1305 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), millable cane increased by 96.78% in the ratoon crop compared with the absolute control.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe0
Outcome
millable canee2
Direction
increasede2
Value
96.78%e2
Comparator
absolute controle2
Setting
ratoon crop seasone2

Verbatim

e0

“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 657–1020 · show in text ↑
e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e2

“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1305 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T2, millable cane increased by 93.19% in the ratoon crop compared with the absolute control.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
T2e2
Outcome
millable canee2
Direction
increasede2
Value
93.19%e2
Comparator
absolute controle2
Setting
ratoon crop seasone2

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e2

“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1305 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T4, millable cane increased by 78.89% in the ratoon crop compared with the absolute control.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
T4e2
Outcome
millable canee2
Direction
increasede2
Value
78.89%e2
Comparator
absolute controle2
Setting
ratoon crop seasone2

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e2

“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1305 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), millable cane increased by 79.51% in the pooled analysis compared with the absolute control.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe0
Outcome
millable canee2
Direction
increasede2
Value
79.51e2
Comparator
absolute controle2
Setting
pooled analysise2

Verbatim

e0

“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 657–1020 · show in text ↑
e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e2

“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1305 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T2, millable cane increased by 75.31% in the pooled analysis compared with the absolute control.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
T2e2
Outcome
millable canee2
Direction
increasede2
Value
75.31e2
Comparator
absolute controle2
Setting
pooled analysise2

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e2

“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1305 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T4, millable cane increased by 63.47% in the pooled analysis compared with the absolute control.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
T4e2
Outcome
millable canee2
Direction
increasede2
Value
63.47%e2
Comparator
absolute controle2
Setting
pooled analysise2

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e2

“However, millable cane significantly increased 67.25%, 62.62% and 52.53% during plant crop season, 96.78%, 93.19% and 78.89% during ratoon crop season as well as 79.51, 75.31 and 63.47% in pooled analysis with the treatments T3, T2 and T4, respectively as compare to absolute control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1305 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), net returns in the plant crop were 285956 ₹/ha.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe3
Outcome
net returnse3
Value
285956e3
Qualifier
₹/hae3
Setting
plant crope3

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e3

“During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1307–1550 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), net returns in the ratoon crop were 295835 ₹/ha.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe3
Outcome
net returnse3
Value
295835 ₹/hae3
Setting
ratoon crope3

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e3

“During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1307–1550 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), the benefit:cost ratio in the plant crop was 2.49.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe3
Outcome
benefit: cost ratioe3
Value
2.49e3
Setting
plant crope3

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e3

“During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1307–1550 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

With T3 (75% RDN plus two liquid nano urea sprays), the benefit:cost ratio in the ratoon crop was 3.77.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe3
Outcome
benefit: cost ratioe3
Value
3.77e3
Setting
ratoon crope3

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e3

“During both plant crop and ratoon crop season, an application 75% RDN + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) recorded higher net returns (285956 and 295835 ₹/ha, respectively) and benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 3.77, respectively)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1307–1550 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Higher yield and net monetary returns in sugarcane plant-ratoon cultivation are achieved with 100% of recommended P2O5 and K2O, 75% RDN and two sprays of liquid nano urea (4 ml/L) or 2% urea at 90 and 180 DAP.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
100 % of recommended P2O5 and K2O + 75 % RDN + two sprays of either liquid nano urea @ 4 ml/Le4
Outcome
higher yield and net monetary returnse4

Verbatim

e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e4

“for achieving higher yield and net monetary returns in sugarcane plant-ratoon cultivation should be fertilized with 100 % of recommended P2O5 and K2O + 75 % RDN + two sprays of either liquid nano urea @ 4 ml/L or 2 % urea at 90 and 180 DAP of plant crop and DAR of ratoon crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1570–1846 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Liquid nano urea sprays with 75% RDN effectively replace 25% of the recommended nitrogen dose while matching the performance of 100% RDN.

Taxon
sugarcanee1
Treatment
75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAPe0
Outcome
performancee5
Direction
no_changeinferrede5
Comparator
100% RDN treatmente5

Verbatim

e0

“yield attributes such as No. of millable cane, No. of internodes/cane, cane girth and single cane weight as well as yield parameters viz., millable cane yield and green top yield were found to be significant highest with the application of 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 2 spray of liquid nano urea at 90 and 180 DAP (T3) which was at par with T2 and T4”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 657–1020 · show in text ↑
e1

“in both plant-ratoon system of sugarcane”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–500 · show in text ↑
e5

“This application effectively replaces the 25% of recommended dose of nitrogen while matching the performance of the 100% RDN treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1848–1982 · show in text ↑

nitrogen · growth · Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)Results differ

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nitrogen · yield · Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)Results differ

137 papers: 118 positive, 19 negative or no effect

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application · growth · Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)Positive and negative results

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application · yield · Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)Positive and negative results

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nanoparticle · yield · Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)Results agree

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.