Abstract
Autophagy is a vesicular mechanism that plays a fundamental role in nitrogen remobilization from senescing leaves to seeds. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) autophagy (atg) mutants exhibit early senescence, reduced biomass, and low seed yield. The atg seeds also exhibit major changes in N and C concentrations. During plant development, autophagy genes are expressed in the source leaves and in the sink seeds during maturation. We thus addressed the question of whether the seed composition defects in atg mutants are caused by defective N remobilization from source leaves or whether they are due to the absence of autophagy in seeds during maturation. To answer this question, we restored autophagy activity in the atg5 mutant by expressing the wild-type (WT) ATG5 allele specifically in source leaves using the senescence-associated gene 12 (SAG12) promoter or specifically in seeds using the Glycinin-1 promoter, or in both organs using both constructs. In atg5, N remobilization from the rosettes to seeds was almost completely reestablished when transformed with the pSAG12::ATG5 construct. However, transformation with the pSAG12::ATG5 construct only partially restored seed composition. In contrast, seed N and C composition was largely restored by transformation with the pGly::ATG5 construct, even though the early leaf senescence phenotype was maintained in the atg5 background. Cotransformation with pSAG12::ATG5 and pGly::ATG5 completely restored the WT remobilization and seed composition phenotypes. Our results highlight the essential role of autophagy in leaves for nitrogen supply and in seeds for the establishment of carbon and nitrogen reserves.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf-specific ATG5 rescue almost completely restored nitrogen remobilization from rosettes to seeds in atg5.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- atg5e0
- Treatment
- transformed with the pSAG12::ATG5 constructe0
- Gene
- ATG5e0
- Outcome
- N remobilization from the rosettes to seedse0
- Direction
- almost completely reestablishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In atg5, N remobilization from the rosettes to seeds was almost completely reestablished when transformed with the pSAG12::ATG5 construct”
t0“The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) autophagy”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf-specific ATG5 rescue only partly restored atg5 seed composition.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- transformation with the pSAG12::ATG5 constructe0
- Outcome
- seed compositione0
- Direction
- partially restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transformation with the pSAG12::ATG5 construct only partially restored seed composition”
t0“The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) autophagy”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-specific ATG5 rescue largely restored seed nitrogen and carbon composition.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- transformation with the pGly::ATG5 constructe0
- Outcome
- seed N and C compositione0
- Direction
- largely restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed N and C composition was largely restored by transformation with the pGly::ATG5 construct”
t0“The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) autophagy”
Claim · model-written summary
Early leaf senescence remained in atg5 following seed-specific rescue.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- atg5e0
- Outcome
- early leaf senescence phenotypee0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the early leaf senescence phenotype was maintained in the atg5 background”
t0“The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) autophagy”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined leaf and seed rescue completely restored wild-type remobilization and seed composition phenotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Cotransformation with pSAG12::ATG5 and pGly::ATG5e0
- Outcome
- remobilization and seed composition phenotypese0
- Direction
- completely restorede0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotransformation with pSAG12::ATG5 and pGly::ATG5 completely restored the WT remobilization and seed composition phenotypes”
t0“The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) autophagy”
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