Abstract
Among plant par asitic nematodes, Meloidogyne (root-knot nematode) is one of the most economically important pests. The use of chemical nematicides is effective, however, can cause side effects on the environment and human health. For an environmentally friendly approach, the biocontrol methods are focused. This study aimed to evaluate the biological control of native Trichoderma spp. against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. It was found that T. virens K1-02 and T. viride Z2-01 inhibited M. incognita egg-hatching by 71.7 and 73.4 %, respectively, and increased the mortality of juveniles by more than 80.0 % at 7 days post-inoculation under laboratory conditions. Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita. Gall and egg mass index were lower in tomato roots treated with Trichoderma spp. than in untreated control. The reproduction factor (Rf) was 5.0 and 3.6 when treated by T. virens K1-02 and T. viride Z2-01, respectively while the untreated control was 12.3. These Trichoderma spp. did not affect tomato root length and plant height. The enzyme assays showed that both Trichoderma species could produce cuticle-degrading enzymes (chitinase and protease), whereas T. viride Z2-01 exhibited the highest activity of protease at 1.7 U/ml. In addition, it could be pointed out that the native Trichoderma isolates killed M. incognita before it invaded the tomato plant which correlated with the low activity of plant response enzymes, peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in tomato roots. The antagonist potentials of these Trichoderma species could lead to the development of bio-nematicide for controlling root-knot nematode disease.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens K1-02 inhibited egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita by 71.7 percent under laboratory conditions.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Treatment
- T. virens K1-02e1
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pest - Second interactor
- T. virens K1-02Trichoderma virense1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- egg-hatchinge1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 71.7e1
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“It was found that T. virens K1-02 and T. viride Z2-01 inhibited M. incognita egg-hatching by 71.7 and 73.4 %, respectively, and increased the mortality of juveniles by more than 80.0 % at 7 days post-inoculation under laboratory conditions”
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride Z2-01 inhibited egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita by 73.4 percent under laboratory conditions.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T. viride Z2-01e1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Second interactor
- T. viride Z2-01
Trichoderma viridee1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- egg-hatchinge1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Value
- 73.4e1
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“It was found that T. virens K1-02 and T. viride Z2-01 inhibited M. incognita egg-hatching by 71.7 and 73.4 %, respectively, and increased the mortality of juveniles by more than 80.0 % at 7 days post-inoculation under laboratory conditions”
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens K1-02 increased the mortality of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles by more than 80.0 percent at 7 days post-inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T. virens K1-02e1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Second interactor
- T. virens K1-02Trichoderma virense1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortality of juvenilese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- more than 80.0 %e1
- Qualifier
- at 7 days post-inoculatione1
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“It was found that T. virens K1-02 and T. viride Z2-01 inhibited M. incognita egg-hatching by 71.7 and 73.4 %, respectively, and increased the mortality of juveniles by more than 80.0 % at 7 days post-inoculation under laboratory conditions”
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride Z2-01 increased the mortality of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles by more than 80.0 percent at 7 days post-inoculation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T. viride Z2-01e1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pest
- Second interactor
- T. viride Z2-01Trichoderma viridee1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortality of juvenilese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- more than 80.0 %e1
- Qualifier
- at 7 days post-inoculatione1
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“It was found that T. virens K1-02 and T. viride Z2-01 inhibited M. incognita egg-hatching by 71.7 and 73.4 %, respectively, and increased the mortality of juveniles by more than 80.0 % at 7 days post-inoculation under laboratory conditions”
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Gall and egg mass index of tomato roots were lower with Trichoderma spp. treatment than in untreated controls after inoculation with Meloidogyne incognita.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.e3
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- Gall and egg mass indexe3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- untreated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
e3“Gall and egg mass index were lower in tomato roots treated with Trichoderma spp. than in untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproduction factor of Meloidogyne incognita was 5.0 with Trichoderma virens K1-02 against 12.3 in untreated controls on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T. virens K1-02e4
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- reproduction factor (Rf)e4
- Direction
- lowerinferrede4
- Value
- 5.0e4
- Qualifier
- 12.3e4
- Comparator
- untreated controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
e4“The reproduction factor (Rf) was 5.0 and 3.6 when treated by T. virens K1-02 and T. viride Z2-01 , respectively while the untreated control was 12.3”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproduction factor of Meloidogyne incognita was 3.6 with Trichoderma viride Z2-01 against 12.3 in untreated controls on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Treatment
- T. viride Z2-01e4
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pest
- Outcome
- reproduction factor (Rf)e4
- Direction
- lowerinferrede4
- Value
- 3.6e4
- Qualifier
- 12.3e4
- Comparator
- untreated controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
e4“The reproduction factor (Rf) was 5.0 and 3.6 when treated by T. virens K1-02 and T. viride Z2-01 , respectively while the untreated control was 12.3”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma spp. did not affect tomato root length or plant height.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.e5
- Outcome
- root length and plant heighte5
- Direction
- did not affecte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“These Trichoderma spp. did not affect tomato root length and plant height”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride Z2-01 exhibited the highest protease activity of 1.7 U/ml among the tested isolates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Interactor
- T. viride Z2-01Trichoderma viridee6biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- proteasee6
- Outcome
- activity of proteasee6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 1.7 U/mle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
e6“The enzyme assays showed that both Trichoderma species could produce cuticle-degrading enzymes (chitinase and protease), whereas T. viride Z2-01 exhibited the highest activity of protease at 1.7 U/ml”
Claim · model-written summary
Both Trichoderma species could produce cuticle-degrading enzymes, chitinase and protease.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Gene
- chitinasee6
- Outcome
- cuticle-degrading enzymese6
- Qualifier
- both Trichoderma speciese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
e6“The enzyme assays showed that both Trichoderma species could produce cuticle-degrading enzymes (chitinase and protease), whereas T. viride Z2-01 exhibited the highest activity of protease at 1.7 U/ml”
Claim · model-written summary
Killing of Meloidogyne incognita by native Trichoderma isolates before invasion was associated with low activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in tomato roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- native Trichoderma isolatese7
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae7pest
- Gene
- peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)e7
- Outcome
- activity of plant response enzymese7
- Direction
- lowe7
- Qualifier
- before it invaded the tomato plante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the native Trichoderma isolates killed M. incognita before it invaded the tomato plant which correlated with the low activity of plant response enzymes, peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in tomato roots”
Claim · model-written summary
The Trichoderma species could lead to development of a bio-nematicide for controlling root-knot nematode disease on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume2
- Outcome
- development of bio-nematicidee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Regarding pot assays of the Sida tomato plant, both species exhibited the potential to inhibit gall formation and reproduction of M. incognita”
e1“The antagonist potentials of these Trichoderma species could lead to the development of bio-nematicide for controlling root-knot nematode disease”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma virens · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Trichoderma viride · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Trichoderma · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.