Abstract
Abstract Grafting is a propagation method extensively utilized in cucurbits. However, the mechanisms underlying graft healing remain poorly understood. This study employed self-grafted watermelon plants to investigate how rootstock cotyledon affects healing. The complete removal of rootstock cotyledons significantly hindered scion growth, as evidenced by reductions in scion fresh weight and the area of true leaves. Physiological assessments revealed reduced callus formation, weaker adhesion forces, a more pronounced necrotic layer, and decreased rates of xylem and phloem reconnection at the graft junction when rootstock cotyledons were completely removed. Additionally, auxin levels at the rootstock graft junction notably decreased following cotyledon removal. In contrast, the exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) notably enhanced graft healing. Moreover, gene expression analysis of the PIN auxin efflux carriers in the rootstock cotyledons indicated significant activation of ClPIN1a postgrafting. Furthermore, we developed an improved Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) system for cucurbits using seeds soaking method. This method achieved an infection success rate of 83% with 60%–75% gene silencing efficiency, compared to the 37% success rate with 40%–60% efficiency seen with traditional cotyledon infection. Combining our novel VIGS approach with cotyledon grafting techniques, we demonstrated that rootstock cotyledons regulate callus formation through ClPIN1a-mediated endogenous auxin release, thus facilitating graft union development. These findings suggest potential strategies for enhancing watermelon graft healing by manipulating rootstock cotyledons.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Removing rootstock cotyledons reduced scion fresh weight.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- complete removal of rootstock cotyledonse0
- Outcome
- scion fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The complete removal of rootstock cotyledons significantly hindered scion growth, as evidenced by reductions in scion fresh weight and the area of true leaves”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing rootstock cotyledons reduced true leaf area.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- complete removal of rootstock cotyledonse0
- Outcome
- area of true leavese0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The complete removal of rootstock cotyledons significantly hindered scion growth, as evidenced by reductions in scion fresh weight and the area of true leaves”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon removal reduced callus formation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- rootstock cotyledons were completely removede0
- Outcome
- callus formatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced callus formation, weaker adhesion forces, a more pronounced necrotic layer, and decreased rates of xylem and phloem reconnection at the graft junction when rootstock cotyledons were completely removed”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon removal weakened graft adhesion forces.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- rootstock cotyledons were completely removede0
- Outcome
- adhesion forcese0
- Direction
- weakere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weaker adhesion forces, a more pronounced necrotic layer, and decreased rates of xylem and phloem reconnection at the graft junction when rootstock cotyledons were completely removed”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon removal made the graft necrotic layer more pronounced.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- rootstock cotyledons were completely removede0
- Outcome
- necrotic layere0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a more pronounced necrotic layer, and decreased rates of xylem and phloem reconnection at the graft junction when rootstock cotyledons were completely removed”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon removal lowered xylem and phloem reconnection rates.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- rootstock cotyledons were completely removede0
- Outcome
- rates of xylem and phloem reconnectione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased rates of xylem and phloem reconnection at the graft junction when rootstock cotyledons were completely removed”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotyledon removal lowered auxin levels at the rootstock graft junction.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- cotyledon removale0
- Outcome
- auxin levels at the rootstock graft junctione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin levels at the rootstock graft junction notably decreased following cotyledon removal”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous IAA enhanced graft healing.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e0
- Outcome
- graft healinge0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the exogenous application of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) notably enhanced graft healing”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
ClPIN1a was significantly activated after grafting.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Gene
- ClPIN1ae0
- Outcome
- activation of ClPIN1ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant activation of ClPIN1a postgrafting”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-soaking VIGS reached 83% infection success.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- seeds soaking methode1
- Outcome
- infection success ratee0
- Value
- 83%e0
- Qualifier
- 37% success ratee0
- Comparator
- traditional cotyledon infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This method achieved an infection success rate of 83% with 60%–75% gene silencing efficiency, compared to the 37% success rate with 40%–60% efficiency seen with traditional cotyledon infection”
e1“seeds soaking method”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-soaking VIGS had 60%–75% gene silencing efficiency, versus 40%–60% with traditional cotyledon infection.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- seeds soaking methode1
- Outcome
- gene silencing efficiencye0
- Value
- 60%–75%e0
- Qualifier
- 40%–60% efficiencye0
- Comparator
- traditional cotyledon infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This method achieved an infection success rate of 83% with 60%–75% gene silencing efficiency, compared to the 37% success rate with 40%–60% efficiency seen with traditional cotyledon infection”
e1“seeds soaking method”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootstock cotyledons regulated callus formation through ClPIN1a-mediated endogenous auxin release.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- rootstock cotyledonse0
- Gene
- ClPIN1ae0
- Compound
- auxine0
- Outcome
- callus formatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rootstock cotyledons regulate callus formation through ClPIN1a-mediated endogenous auxin release, thus facilitating graft union development”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest manipulating rootstock cotyledons to improve watermelon graft healing.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- enhancing watermelon graft healing by manipulating rootstock cotyledonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potential strategies for enhancing watermelon graft healing by manipulating rootstock cotyledons”
The same questions in other papers
grafting · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 62 in the opposite direction
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