Abstract
Abstract The substitution of synthetics by organic fertilizers, which is the current pillar of circular economy, has been broadly evaluated. However, varying results were obtained on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions as well as crop yields. Besides, in irrigated semi‐arid croplands, drip fertigation has been suggested to be an effective practice for mitigating N 2 O and NO emissions while maintaining or enhancing agronomic performance. However, the promising combination of drip fertigation and organic fertilization remains poorly studied. By setting up melon ( Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize ( Zea mays L.) during 2023, we aimed to evaluate the effect of different combinations of nitrogen (N) fertilizers: control without N fertilization, 100% of the N rate as solid manure (100OrM), 50% of the N rate as solid manure and 50% as urea (50OrM–50Syn), 50% of the N rate as solid manure and 50% as soluble organic (50OrM–50OrS), 100% of the N rate as urea (100Syn) and 100% of the N rate as soluble organic (100OrS). Urea and soluble organic fertilizers were supplied via drip fertigation. N‐oxides (N 2 O and NO), methane (CH 4 ) and ecosystem respiration (CO 2 ) fluxes, mineral N (ammonium [NH 4 + ] and nitrate [NO 3 − ]), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and crop parameters were analysed. As regards N 2 O, no differences were observed between treatments in melon crop, whereas in maize crop, the cumulative emissions were the highest in 100OrM, followed by 50OrM–50Syn. Regarding NO cumulative emissions, in the melon crop were significantly lower in 50OrM–50Syn and 50OrM–50OrS between 34%–54%, compared with 100OrM and 100Syn. In the maize crop, the highest cumulative NO emission was also detected in solid manure treatment. The agronomic response of melon to N fertilization was only detected for total soluble solids (with maximum values in the 100Syn treatment). The combination of solid manure and top‐dressing urea or soluble organic fertilizer prevented the penalties in N use efficiency, which were observed in 100Syn and 100OrS. Therefore, the combination of conventional solid manure at seeding and soluble organic fertilizer at dressing (applied by drip fertigation) was the most sustainable strategy from agronomic and environmental viewpoints in Mediterranean irrigated agroecosystems.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In melon, N2O emissions did not differ between N fertilization treatments.
- Taxon
- melon ( Cucumis melo L.)
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Cucumis meloe1 - Treatment
- different combinations of nitrogen (N) fertilizerse2
- Outcome
- N 2 Oe3
- Direction
- no differences were observede3
- Comparator
- control without N fertilizatione2
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“By setting up melon ( Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize ( Zea mays L.) during 2023”
e2“we aimed to evaluate the effect of different combinations of nitrogen (N) fertilizers: control without N fertilization, 100% of the N rate as solid manure (100OrM)”
e3“As regards N 2 O, no differences were observed between treatments in melon crop, whereas in maize crop, the cumulative emissions were the highest in 100OrM, followed by 50OrM–50Syn.”
Claim · model-written summary
In maize, cumulative N2O emissions were highest under 100% of the N rate as solid manure (100OrM).
- Treatment
- 100OrMe3
- Outcome
- cumulative emissionse3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Qualifier
- N 2 Oe3
- Comparator
- 50OrM–50Syne3
Zea maysNot reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By setting up melon ( Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize ( Zea mays L.) during 2023”
e2“we aimed to evaluate the effect of different combinations of nitrogen (N) fertilizers: control without N fertilization, 100% of the N rate as solid manure (100OrM)”
e3“As regards N 2 O, no differences were observed between treatments in melon crop, whereas in maize crop, the cumulative emissions were the highest in 100OrM, followed by 50OrM–50Syn.”
Claim · model-written summary
In melon, cumulative NO emissions were significantly lower under 50OrM–50Syn and 50OrM–50OrS, by 34%–54%, than under 100OrM and 100Syn.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe4
- Treatment
- 50OrM–50Syne4
- Outcome
- NO cumulative emissionse4
- Direction
- significantly lowere4
- Value
- 34%–54%e4
- Qualifier
- 50OrM–50OrSe4
- Comparator
- 100OrMe4
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By setting up melon ( Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize ( Zea mays L.) during 2023”
e4“Regarding NO cumulative emissions, in the melon crop were significantly lower in 50OrM–50Syn and 50OrM–50OrS between 34%–54%, compared with 100OrM and 100Syn”
Claim · model-written summary
In maize, the highest cumulative NO emission occurred under solid manure treatment.
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By setting up melon ( Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize ( Zea mays L.) during 2023”
e5“In the maize crop, the highest cumulative NO emission was also detected in solid manure treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
In melon, N fertilization was detected only for total soluble solids, which were highest under 100Syn.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe6
- Treatment
- N fertilizatione6
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse6
- Direction
- maximum valuese6
- Qualifier
- with maximum values in the 100Syn treatmente6
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By setting up melon ( Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize ( Zea mays L.) during 2023”
e6“The agronomic response of melon to N fertilization was only detected for total soluble solids (with maximum values in the 100Syn treatment)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining solid manure with top-dressing urea or soluble organic fertilizer prevented the N use efficiency penalties seen under 100Syn and 100OrS in melon.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- combination of solid manure and top‐dressing urea or soluble organic fertilizere7
- Outcome
- penalties in N use efficiencye7
- Direction
- preventede7
- Comparator
- 100Syn and 100OrSe7
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By setting up melon ( Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize ( Zea mays L.) during 2023”
e7“The combination of solid manure and top‐dressing urea or soluble organic fertilizer prevented the penalties in N use efficiency, which were observed in 100Syn and 100OrS”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional solid manure at seeding combined with soluble organic fertilizer at dressing was the most sustainable strategy from agronomic and environmental viewpoints.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- conventional solid manure at seeding and soluble organic fertilizer at dressinge2
- Outcome
- most sustainable strategy from agronomic and environmental viewpointse2
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorSettingDirectionValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By setting up melon ( Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize ( Zea mays L.) during 2023”
e2“Therefore, the combination of conventional solid manure at seeding and soluble organic fertilizer at dressing (applied by drip fertigation) was the most sustainable strategy from agronomic and environmental viewpoints in Mediterranean irrigated agroecosystems”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · nutrient: efficiency · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
fertilization · nutrient: efficiency · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.