Abstract
BACKGROUND: Modulating the microbiome with nanomaterials has been proposed to improve plant growth, and reduce reliance on external inputs. Carbon Nanosol (CNS) was attracted for its potential to improve plant productivity. However, the mechanism between CNS and rhizosphere microorganisms remained largely elusive. RESULTS: Here, we tried to systematically explore the effects of CNS (600 and 1200 mg/L by concentration) on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome. The influence of CNS on soil physicochemical properties and plant growth was significant and dose-dependent, leading to a 28.82% increase in biomass accumulation by 600 mg/L CNS. Comparison between the CNS-treated and control plants revealed significant differences in microbiome composition, including 1148 distinct ASVs (923 bacteria and 225 fungi), microbiome interactions, and metabolic function of root-associated microbiomes. Fungal and bacterial communities had different response patterns for CNS treatment, with phased and dose-dependent effects, with the most significant changes in microbial community structure observed at 1200 mg/L after 10 days of treatment. Microbial networks of CNS-treated plants had more nodes and edges, higher connectivity, and more hub microorganisms than those of control plants. Compared with control, CNS significantly elevated abundances of various bacterial biomarkers (such as Sphingomonas and Burkholderia) and fungi biomarkers (including Penicillium, Myceliophthora, and Talaromyces), which were potential plant-beneficial organisms. Functional prediction based on metagenomic data demonstrated pathways related to nutrient cycling being greatly enriched under CNS treatment. Furthermore, 391 culturable bacteria and 44 culturable fungi were isolated from soil and root samples. Among them, six bacteria and two fungi strains enriched upon CNS treatment were validated to have plant growth promotion effect, and two fungi (Cladosporium spp. and Talaromyces spp.) played their roles by mediating volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To some extent, the driving and shaping of the microbiome by CNS contributed to its impact on plant growth and development. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed the key role of root-associated microbiota in mediating the interaction between CNS and plants, thus providing valuable insights and strategies for harnessing CNS to enhance plant growth.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanosol at 600 mg/L increased tobacco biomass accumulation by 28.82%.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume7 - Treatment
- 600 mg/L CNSe0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 28.82%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to a 28.82% increase in biomass accumulation by 600 mg/L CNS”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanosol affected soil physicochemical properties and plant growth significantly and with dose dependence.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- CNSe0
- Outcome
- soil physicochemical properties and plant growthe0
- Qualifier
- dose-dependente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The influence of CNS on soil physicochemical properties and plant growth was significant and dose-dependent”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanosol treatment significantly changed root-associated microbiome composition, including 1148 distinct ASVs.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- CNS-treatede0
- Outcome
- microbiome compositione0
- Direction
- significant differencese0
- Value
- 1148 distinct ASVse0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparison between the CNS-treated and control plants revealed significant differences in microbiome composition, including 1148 distinct ASVs (923 bacteria and 225 fungi)”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the distinct ASVs, 923 were bacteria.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Outcome
- bacteriae0
- Value
- 923e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1148 distinct ASVs (923 bacteria and 225 fungi)”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the distinct ASVs, 225 were fungi.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Outcome
- fungie0
- Value
- 225e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1148 distinct ASVs (923 bacteria and 225 fungi)”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanosol changed microbiome interactions and metabolic function.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Outcome
- microbiome interactions, and metabolic function of root-associated microbiomese0
- Direction
- significant differencese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant differences in microbiome composition, including 1148 distinct ASVs (923 bacteria and 225 fungi), microbiome interactions, and metabolic function of root-associated microbiomes”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal and bacterial communities responded differently across dose and time, with greatest community structure changes at 1200 mg/L after 10 days.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- 1200 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- changes in microbial community structuree0
- Direction
- most significante0
- Qualifier
- after 10 days of treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungal and bacterial communities had different response patterns for CNS treatment, with phased and dose-dependent effects, with the most significant changes in microbial community structure observed at 1200 mg/L after 10 days of treatment”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanosol microbiome networks had more nodes, edges, connectivity and hub microorganisms than controls.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- CNS-treatede0
- Outcome
- nodes and edges, higher connectivity, and more hub microorganismse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial networks of CNS-treated plants had more nodes and edges, higher connectivity, and more hub microorganisms than those of control plants”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanosol significantly increased bacterial biomarkers Sphingomonas and Burkholderia.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- CNSe0
- Interactor
- Sphingomonas
Sphingomonase0symbiont - Second interactor
- Burkholderia
Burkholderiae0symbiont - Outcome
- abundances of various bacterial biomarkerse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control, CNS significantly elevated abundances of various bacterial biomarkers (such as Sphingomonas and Burkholderia)”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanosol significantly increased fungal biomarkers Penicillium, Myceliophthora and Talaromyces.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Interactor
- Penicillium
Penicilliume0symbiont - Second interactor
- MyceliophthoraMyceliophthorae0symbiont
- Outcome
- fungi biomarkerse0
- Qualifier
- Talaromycese0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungi biomarkers (including Penicillium, Myceliophthora, and Talaromyces), which were potential plant-beneficial organisms”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted nutrient cycling pathways were greatly enriched under carbon nanosol.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- CNS treatmente0
- Outcome
- pathways related to nutrient cyclinge0
- Direction
- greatly enrichede0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Functional prediction based on metagenomic data demonstrated pathways related to nutrient cycling being greatly enriched under CNS treatment”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Investigators isolated 391 culturable bacteria from soil and root samples.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Organ / stage
- root samplese0
- Outcome
- culturable bacteriae0
- Value
- 391e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“391 culturable bacteria and 44 culturable fungi were isolated from soil and root samples”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Investigators isolated 44 culturable fungi from soil and root samples.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Organ / stage
- root samplese0
- Outcome
- culturable fungie0
- Value
- 44e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“391 culturable bacteria and 44 culturable fungi were isolated from soil and root samples”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Six CNS-enriched bacterial strains promoted plant growth in validation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- six bacteriae0
- Outcome
- plant growth promotion effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six bacteria and two fungi strains enriched upon CNS treatment were validated to have plant growth promotion effect”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Two CNS-enriched fungal strains promoted plant growth in validation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- two fungi strainse0
- Outcome
- plant growth promotion effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six bacteria and two fungi strains enriched upon CNS treatment were validated to have plant growth promotion effect”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Cladosporium promoted growth through volatile organic compounds.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Interactor
- Cladosporium spp.
Cladosporiume0symbiont - Outcome
- mediating volatile organic compounds (VOCs)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two fungi (Cladosporium spp. and Talaromyces spp.) played their roles by mediating volatile organic compounds (VOCs)”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Talaromyces promoted growth through volatile organic compounds.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Interactor
- Talaromyces spp.Talaromycese0symbiont
- Outcome
- mediating volatile organic compounds (VOCs)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two fungi (Cladosporium spp. and Talaromyces spp.) played their roles by mediating volatile organic compounds (VOCs)”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon nanosol shaping of microbiomes partly contributed to plant growth effects.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume7
- Treatment
- CNSe0
- Outcome
- plant growth and developmente0
- Qualifier
- driving and shaping of the microbiomee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To some extent, the driving and shaping of the microbiome by CNS contributed to its impact on plant growth and development”
e7“on tobacco growth, soil physical properties, and root-associated microbiome”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.