Abstract
Biochar plays an important role in agricultural production as it can improve soil fertility, promote nutrient adsorption and enhance plant growth. However, the distribution of biochar in the soil significantly impacts its application effect. In order to investigate the impact of non-uniform biochar distribution on soil nutrient uptake, root shape, peanut development, and the makeup of soil microbial communities, we carried out greenhouse peanut pot studies. This experiment followed a completely randomised design with four treatments, each with three replications. The four treatments were as follows: no biochar application (B0); concentrated biochar application near seeds (B1); relatively concentrated surface application of biochar (B2), and uniformly dispersed application of biochar (B3). The findings demonstrated that, compared to the no-biochar scenario, the aboveground and root nitrogen uptake was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by the B2 treatment, increasing by 42.79% and 51.39%, respectively, compared to the control group. Additionally, it reduced the concentrations of NO3–-N and NH4+-N in the soil. The B2 treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the net photosynthetic rate and aboveground dry matter weight, increasing by 196.85% and 53.96%, respectively, compared to the B0 treatment. The B1 and B3 treatments also demonstrated a higher promoting effect. The growth of the root system and the quantity of root nodules were promoted by the addition of biochar. The number of root nodules in the B2 treatment was 72.22% higher than that in the control group. In terms of microbial and bacterial communities, the addition of biochar increased the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to a certain extent, while the relative abundance of soil bacterial communities showed no significant differences. In general, the non-uniform distribution of biochar in the soil significantly affected peanuts’ vegetative growth and developmental effects. The relatively concentrated surface application of biochar treatments contributes to improving plant nutrient uptake and root system development. This provides a more effective application method for agricultural personnel to apply biochar fertiliser in the future.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Surface biochar increased aboveground nitrogen uptake by 42.79%.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- B2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- abovegrounde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 42.79%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aboveground and root nitrogen uptake was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by the B2 treatment, increasing by 42.79% and 51.39%, respectively, compared to the control group”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface biochar increased root nitrogen uptake by 51.39%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- B2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- root nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 51.39%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aboveground and root nitrogen uptake was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by the B2 treatment, increasing by 42.79% and 51.39%, respectively, compared to the control group”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface biochar lowered soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- concentrations of NO3–-N and NH4+-N in the soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, it reduced the concentrations of NO3–-N and NH4+-N in the soil”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface biochar increased net photosynthetic rate by 196.85%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- B2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 196.85%e0
- Comparator
- B0 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The B2 treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the net photosynthetic rate and aboveground dry matter weight, increasing by 196.85% and 53.96%, respectively, compared to the B0 treatment”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface biochar increased aboveground dry matter weight by 53.96%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- B2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- aboveground dry matter weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53.96%e0
- Comparator
- B0 treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The B2 treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the net photosynthetic rate and aboveground dry matter weight, increasing by 196.85% and 53.96%, respectively, compared to the B0 treatment”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
B1 and B3 biochar treatments also promoted growth.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- B1 and B3 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- higher promoting effecte0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The B1 and B3 treatments also demonstrated a higher promoting effect”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar promoted root-system growth.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- addition of biochare0
- Outcome
- growth of the root systeme0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the root system and the quantity of root nodules were promoted by the addition of biochar”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar promoted root nodule quantity.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- addition of biochare0
- Outcome
- quantity of root nodulese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the root system and the quantity of root nodules were promoted by the addition of biochar”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
B2 increased root nodule number by 72.22%.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- B2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of root nodulese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 72.22%e0
- Comparator
- control groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of root nodules in the B2 treatment was 72.22% higher than that in the control group”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar increased nitrogen-fixing bacteria numbers.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- addition of biochare0
- Interactor
- nitrogen-fixing bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of nitrogen-fixing bacteriae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of biochar increased the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria to a certain extent”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative abundance of soil bacterial communities did not differ significantly.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- relative abundance of soil bacterial communitiese0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative abundance of soil bacterial communities showed no significant differences”
t0“peanut growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface biochar application is proposed to improve nutrient uptake and root development.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- improving plant nutrient uptake and root system developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The relatively concentrated surface application of biochar treatments contributes to improving plant nutrient uptake and root system development”
t0“peanut growth”
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