Abstract
The present research, entitled "Studies on the effect of Planting Seasons, Spacing and Pinching on Growth and Flower yield of African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) variety Pusa Narangi Gainda," was carried out at the College of Agriculture and Research Station in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, during the Rabi and Kharif seasons in 2019–20 and 2020–21. Treatment consisted of three planting seasons (Se1: Kharif, Se2: Rabi and Se3: Summer), three spacings (Se1: 30 x 30 cm, S2: 45 x 45 cm, and S3: 50 x 50 cm), and three pinching levels (P0: No pinching, P1: Single pinching and P3: Double pinching). A randomized block design (Factorial) with three replications is used to set up a three-factor experiment. In these combinations, there were a total of 27 treatments. Kharif season (Se1) produced significantly higher values of plant height, flower diameter, and yield attributes, such as number of flowers per plant, flower yield per plant (g), flower yield (kg), and yield (t/ha). This was followed by the (Se2) Rabi season. However, throughout this experiment, the (Se2) Rabi season showed increased plant spread, primary and secondary branches, first bud appearance, fresh weight of individual flower, and 50% blossoming. The treatment (S1) 30 × 30 cm yielded the highest significant plant height, the earliest initial bud appearance, flower yield per plant (g), flower yield (kg), and yield (t/ha) during a mean of two years. Maximum plant spread (E-W and N-S) was observed in treatment (S3) 50 × 50 cm in both years, and (S2) 45 x 45 cm in this experiment based on mean data. The results showed that under this treatment and in both years, double pinching (P2) significantly reduced the maximum height of the plants, the number of flowers per plant, the number of flowers per plot, the number of flowers per plant (g), the number of flowers per plant (kg), and the yield (t/ha).The highest gross income was obtained under the Kharif season in treatment (Se1S1P2) (470100, 497350 and 483725 Rs. t/ha respectively) which was followed by (Se1S1P1) (441300, 458675 and 449988 Rs. t/ha) and minimum gross income was recorded in Se1S1P0: Kharif season x 30 x 30 cm x no pinching (385320, 442400 and 413860 Rs. t/ha). The maximum net income was obtained under Kharif season in treatment (Se1S1P2) (339337, 1096521 and 717929 Rs. t/ha), followed by (Se1S1P1) (308617, 974196 and 641407 Rs. t/ha,, respectively). The minimum net income was recorded in (Se1S1P0) (250717, 306357 and 278537 Rs. t/ha).The maximum benefit: Cost ratio (Se1S1P2) (2.60, 2.77 and 2.68 respectively) followed by (Se1S1P2) (2.33, 2.42 and 2.38 respectively) during both the years 2019-20 and 2020-21 and on the basis of mean data. The minimum benefit: Cost ratio was recorded in (Se1S1P0 (1.86, 2.25 and 2.06) under this investigation. On the basis of experimental finding it was concluded that the treatment (Se1S1P2) Kharif season x 30 x 30 cm x double pinching was suitable for better growth, flowering and yield of African marigold.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Kharif planting gave significantly greater plant height and flower diameter.
- Taxon
- African marigold
Tagetes erectat0 - Treatment
- Kharif seasone0
- Outcome
- plant height, flower diametere0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kharif season (Se1) produced significantly higher values of plant height, flower diameter, and yield attributes, such as number of flowers per plant, flower yield per plant (g), flower yield (kg), and yield (t/ha).”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Kharif planting gave significantly greater flower number and flower yields.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Kharif seasone0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plant, flower yield per plant (g), flower yield (kg), and yield (t/ha)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kharif season (Se1) produced significantly higher values of plant height, flower diameter, and yield attributes, such as number of flowers per plant, flower yield per plant (g), flower yield (kg), and yield (t/ha).”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Rabi planting increased spread, branches, bud timing, individual flower weight, and 50% blossoming.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Rabi seasone0
- Outcome
- plant spread, primary and secondary branches, first bud appearancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the (Se2) Rabi season showed increased plant spread, primary and secondary branches, first bud appearance, fresh weight of individual flower, and 50% blossoming.”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Rabi planting increased individual flower fresh weight and 50% blossoming.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Rabi seasone0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of individual flower, and 50% blossominge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the (Se2) Rabi season showed increased plant spread, primary and secondary branches, first bud appearance, fresh weight of individual flower, and 50% blossoming.”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 × 30 cm spacing gave the highest plant height and earliest bud appearance.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- 30 × 30 cme0
- Outcome
- plant height, the earliest initial bud appearancee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment (S1) 30 × 30 cm yielded the highest significant plant height, the earliest initial bud appearance, flower yield per plant (g), flower yield (kg), and yield (t/ha) during a mean of two years.”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
The 30 × 30 cm spacing gave the highest flower yields.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- 30 × 30 cme0
- Outcome
- flower yield per plant (g), flower yield (kg), and yield (t/ha)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment (S1) 30 × 30 cm yielded the highest significant plant height, the earliest initial bud appearance, flower yield per plant (g), flower yield (kg), and yield (t/ha) during a mean of two years.”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant spread was maximal under 50 × 50 cm in both years and 45 × 45 cm in mean data.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- 50 × 50 cme0
- Outcome
- plant spread (E-W and N-S)e0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Qualifier
- in both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum plant spread (E-W and N-S) was observed in treatment (S3) 50 × 50 cm in both years, and (S2) 45 x 45 cm in this experiment based on mean data.”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Double pinching significantly reduced plant height and flower counts.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- double pinching (P2)e0
- Outcome
- maximum height of the plants, the number of flowers per plant, the number of flowers per plote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“double pinching (P2) significantly reduced the maximum height of the plants, the number of flowers per plant, the number of flowers per plot, the number of flowers per plant (g), the number of flowers per plant (kg), and the yield (t/ha).”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Double pinching significantly reduced flower weights and yield.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- double pinching (P2)e0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per plant (g), the number of flowers per plant (kg), and the yield (t/ha)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“double pinching (P2) significantly reduced the maximum height of the plants, the number of flowers per plant, the number of flowers per plot, the number of flowers per plant (g), the number of flowers per plant (kg), and the yield (t/ha).”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Se1S1P2 produced the highest gross income.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Se1S1P2e0
- Outcome
- gross incomee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 470100, 497350 and 483725 Rs. t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest gross income was obtained under the Kharif season in treatment (Se1S1P2) (470100, 497350 and 483725 Rs. t/ha respectively)”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Se1S1P0 produced the lowest gross income.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Se1S1P0e0
- Outcome
- gross incomee0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 385320, 442400 and 413860 Rs. t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum gross income was recorded in Se1S1P0: Kharif season x 30 x 30 cm x no pinching (385320, 442400 and 413860 Rs. t/ha).”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Se1S1P2 produced the highest net income.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Se1S1P2e0
- Outcome
- net incomee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 339337, 1096521 and 717929 Rs. t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum net income was obtained under Kharif season in treatment (Se1S1P2) (339337, 1096521 and 717929 Rs. t/ha)”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Se1S1P0 produced the lowest net income.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Se1S1P0e0
- Outcome
- net incomee0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 250717, 306357 and 278537 Rs. t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum net income was recorded in (Se1S1P0) (250717, 306357 and 278537 Rs. t/ha).”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Se1S1P2 was reported to have the maximum benefit:cost ratio.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Se1S1P2e0
- Outcome
- benefit: Cost ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.60, 2.77 and 2.68e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum benefit: Cost ratio (Se1S1P2) (2.60, 2.77 and 2.68 respectively)”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
Se1S1P0 was reported to have the minimum benefit:cost ratio.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Se1S1P0e0
- Outcome
- benefit: Cost ratioe0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 1.86, 2.25 and 2.06e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum benefit: Cost ratio was recorded in (Se1S1P0 (1.86, 2.25 and 2.06)”
t0“African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Pusa Narangi Gainda”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Kharif season, 30 × 30 cm spacing, and double pinching for better growth, flowering, and yield.
- Taxon
- African marigoldTagetes erectae0
- Treatment
- Kharif season x 30 x 30 cm x double pinchinge0
- Outcome
- better growth, flowering and yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the treatment (Se1S1P2) Kharif season x 30 x 30 cm x double pinching was suitable for better growth, flowering and yield of African marigold.”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · yield · Tagetes erecta (African marigold)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →climate site · yield · Tagetes erecta (African marigold)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
climate site · growth · Tagetes erecta (African marigold)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.