Abstract
There is little information on how improve onion dry yield and status of nutrients in plants and soil under water scarcity. To fill this gap, two field experiments were conducted during two consecutive winter seasons. Three treatments of irrigation levels were designed in the main plot (100% of crop evapotranspiration, 80% ETc and 60% ETc). Four bio-stimulants soil treatments were designed in the sub-plot: control, yeast extract (YE), potassium humate (KH) and YE+KH. Generally, bio-stimulants increased onion productivity significantly and decreased the negative impact of water shortage. During both seasons, YE followed by YE+KH recorded the highest bulb yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency for bulb dry yield, dry matter content, NPK content, NPK uptakes, protein yield and soil water holding capacity. While KH followed by YE+KH or YE recorded the highest available soil NPK, EC and soluble ions values. The pH lowest values were recorded in soil treated with KH or KH+YE. Comparing the 80% ETc with YE treatment and the 100% ETc with YE treatment, it was found that the amount of reduction in dry onion yield amounted to only 3.18% as an average for the two seasons with saving 20% of irrigation water. However, onion dry production was greater with YE at 80% ETc than with untreated plants under 100% ETc irrigation level by 24.36% as average of two seasons. In conclusion, YE and or YE plus KH may be major factors in enhancing soil fertility and plant stress tolerance by insufficient irrigation water.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants significantly increased onion productivity.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Treatment
- bio-stimulantse0
- Outcome
- onion productivitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-stimulants increased onion productivity significantly”
e1“control, yeast extract (YE), potassium humate (KH) and YE+KH”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants decreased the negative impact of water shortage on onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- bio-stimulantse0
- Outcome
- negative impact of water shortagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bio-stimulants increased onion productivity significantly and decreased the negative impact of water shortage”
e1“control, yeast extract (YE), potassium humate (KH) and YE+KH”
Claim · model-written summary
YE gave the highest onion bulb yield and water-use efficiency, followed by YE+KH.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- YEe0
- Outcome
- bulb yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency for bulb dry yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- YE+KHe0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YE followed by YE+KH recorded the highest bulb yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency for bulb dry yield”
e1“control, yeast extract (YE), potassium humate (KH) and YE+KH”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
YE gave the highest onion dry matter and NPK content and uptake, followed by YE+KH.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- YEe0
- Outcome
- dry matter content, NPK content, NPK uptakese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- YE+KHe0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YE followed by YE+KH recorded the highest bulb yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency for bulb dry yield, dry matter content, NPK content, NPK uptakes”
e1“control, yeast extract (YE), potassium humate (KH) and YE+KH”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
YE gave the highest onion protein yield, followed by YE+KH.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- YEe0
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- YE+KHe0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YE followed by YE+KH recorded the highest bulb yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency for bulb dry yield, dry matter content, NPK content, NPK uptakes, protein yield”
e1“control, yeast extract (YE), potassium humate (KH) and YE+KH”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
YE produced the highest soil water holding capacity, followed by YE+KH.
- Treatment
- YEe0
- Outcome
- soil water holding capacitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- YE+KHe0
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“YE followed by YE+KH recorded the highest bulb yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency for bulb dry yield, dry matter content, NPK content, NPK uptakes, protein yield and soil water holding capacity.”
e1“control, yeast extract (YE), potassium humate (KH) and YE+KH”
Claim · model-written summary
KH gave the highest available soil NPK, EC and soluble ions, followed by YE+KH or YE.
- Treatment
- KHe0
- Outcome
- available soil NPK, EC and soluble ions valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- YE+KH or YEe0
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“KH followed by YE+KH or YE recorded the highest available soil NPK, EC and soluble ions values.”
e1“control, yeast extract (YE), potassium humate (KH) and YE+KH”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH was lowest under KH or KH+YE.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The pH lowest values were recorded in soil treated with KH or KH+YE.”
e1“control, yeast extract (YE), potassium humate (KH) and YE+KH”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80% ETc, YE reduced dry onion yield by only 3.18% relative to YE at 100% ETc.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- 80% ETc with YE treatmente0
- Outcome
- dry onion yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 3.18%e0
- Qualifier
- average for the two seasonse0
- Comparator
- 100% ETc with YE treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comparing the 80% ETc with YE treatment and the 100% ETc with YE treatment, it was found that the amount of reduction in dry onion yield amounted to only 3.18% as an average for the two seasons with saving 20% of irrigation water.”
Claim · model-written summary
YE at 80% ETc saved 20% irrigation water against YE at 100% ETc.
- Treatment
- 80% ETc with YE treatmente0
- Outcome
- irrigation watere0
- Direction
- savinge0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- 100% ETc with YE treatmente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparing the 80% ETc with YE treatment and the 100% ETc with YE treatment, it was found that the amount of reduction in dry onion yield amounted to only 3.18% as an average for the two seasons with saving 20% of irrigation water.”
Claim · model-written summary
YE at 80% ETc increased onion dry production by 24.36% relative to untreated plants at 100% ETc.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- YE at 80% ETce0
- Outcome
- onion dry productione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 24.36%e0
- Qualifier
- average of two seasonse0
- Comparator
- untreated plants under 100% ETc irrigation levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion dry production was greater with YE at 80% ETc than with untreated plants under 100% ETc irrigation level by 24.36% as average of two seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest YE or YE plus KH can improve soil fertility and plant water-stress tolerance.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- YE and or YE plus KHe0
- Outcome
- enhancing soil fertility and plant stress tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YE and or YE plus KH may be major factors in enhancing soil fertility and plant stress tolerance by insufficient irrigation water.”
t0“Onion”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.